T1 IT Concepts of Technology and Instruction

Which of the following best defines "technology" according to Seels & Richey (1994)?

• A set of tools and machines used for education

• The systematic application of scientific and other organized knowledge to practical tasks

• The study of modern electronic devices

• The process of creating artificial intelligence

According to Spector (2015), technology evolves because:

• Scientific knowledge is fixed and does not change

• People’s goals and intentions remain constant

• Knowledge progresses and human needs are dynamic

• Only hardware and software improve over time

Evans and Nation (2000) argue that technology is:

• Only about machines and tools

• Merely a physical product used in learning

• The art or science of how to use a tool for a purpose

• The use of instructional videos in education

What is the key factor that differentiates technology from just tools or machines?

• The price of the technology

• The scientific principles behind it

• Its application of knowledge for a practical purpose

• Its dependence on human intervention

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of instruction according to Fardanesh (2007)?

• Examining learners’ prior knowledge

• Managing learning processes

• Ignoring learning conditions

• Determining presentation strategies

According to Fardanesh (2007), instruction is:

• A random series of learning activities

• A set of decisions and actions to achieve learning outcomes

• The use of technology in classrooms

• A process of memorization without understanding

Which of the following is an essential function of instruction?

• Creating an unstructured learning environment

• Providing learning materials

• Ignoring individual learning needs

• Reducing the role of teachers in education

According to the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT), instructional technology involves:

• Only the use of computers in education

• The theory and practice of designing and managing learning processes

• The development of digital classrooms only

• Replacing teachers with AI-based systems

The definition of instructional technology has evolved to emphasize:

• The role of artificial intelligence in education

• The use of multimedia and simulations only

• Mental processes and cognitive analysis of learning tasks

• The application of software in instructional design

Which of the following scholars defined instructional technology as "the art and science of designing, producing, and using solutions to instructional problems"?

• Michael Spector

• Molenda

• Galbraith

• Seels & Richey