Understanding Object-Oriented Programming

What are the four main principles of OOP?

• Composition

• Interface

• Aggregation

• Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism

Define encapsulation in the context of OOP.

• Encapsulation refers to the inheritance of properties from a parent class.

• Encapsulation is the separation of data and methods in OOP.

• Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data, restricting direct access to some components.

• Encapsulation is the process of creating multiple instances of a class.

How does inheritance work in OOP?

• Inheritance is only used for data storage and has no impact on behavior.

• Inheritance allows a parent class to inherit from a child class.

• Inheritance is a method for creating new classes without any relationship to existing ones.

• Inheritance enables a child class to inherit attributes and behaviors from a parent class, facilitating code reuse and organization.

What is polymorphism and how is it implemented?

• Polymorphism is the ability to change the type of a variable at runtime, implemented through type casting.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be created without defining their behavior, implemented via abstract classes only.

• Polymorphism allows methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon, implemented via method overriding and interfaces.

• Polymorphism is a design pattern that restricts method access, implemented through private methods.

Explain the concept of a class and an object.

• A class is a blueprint for objects; an object is an instance of a class.

• A class is a method; an object is a function.

• A class is a type of object; an object is a collection of classes.

• A class is a single instance; an object is a group of classes.

What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface?

• An abstract class cannot have any methods, while an interface can.

• An abstract class can have implemented methods and state, while an interface cannot.

• An abstract class can implement multiple interfaces, while an interface cannot implement any classes.

• An abstract class can only be instantiated, while an interface cannot be instantiated.

How does method overloading differ from method overriding?

• Method overriding allows multiple methods with the same name in the same class.

• Method overloading is about multiple methods in the same class with different signatures, while method overriding is about redefining a method in a subclass.

• Method overloading requires inheritance between classes.

• Method overloading is used to change the access modifier of a method.

What role do constructors play in OOP?

• Constructors initialize objects and set up their initial state in object-oriented programming.

• Constructors are responsible for managing memory allocation.

• Constructors define the methods of a class in OOP.

• Constructors are used to delete objects in OOP.

Can you explain the concept of a 'superclass' and 'subclass'?

• A superclass is a general class, while a subclass is a more specific class that inherits from the superclass.

• A superclass is a subclass that has no specific attributes.

• A superclass is a class that only contains methods without any properties.

• A subclass is a class that cannot inherit from any other class.

What are the advantages of using OOP over procedural programming?

• Code reusability through global variables

• Simplified debugging with linear code flow

• Sequential execution of functions

• Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and better modeling of real-world problems.