Pioneers of Genetic Discoveries

Who is known as the "Father of Genetics" for his work on inheritance patterns using pea plants?

• Friedrich Miescher

• Gregor Mendel

• James Watson

• Barbara McClintock

Which scientist discovered DNA in the nuclei of white blood cells and called it "nuclein"?

• Oswald Avery

• Erwin Chargaff

• Friedrich Miescher

• Maurice Wilkins

Who discovered the "transforming principle" in bacteria, suggesting that genetic material could be transferred?

• Frederick Griffith

• Rosalind Franklin

• Alfred Hershey

• Francis Collins

Which group of scientists identified DNA as the molecule responsible for transformation in bacteria?

• James Watson & Francis Crick

• Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, & Maclyn McCarty

• Matthew Meselson & Franklin Stahl

• Marshall Nirenberg & Heinrich Matthaei

Who discovered the base-pairing rules, known as "Chargaff’s Rules"?

• Erwin Chargaff

• Kary Mullis

• Maurice Wilkins

• Craig Venter

Which scientist used X-ray crystallography to produce images of DNA, leading to the discovery of the double helix?

• Rosalind Franklin

• Barbara McClintock

• Alfred Hershey

• Francis Crick

Who built the first accurate model of DNA’s double-helix structure?

• Matthew Meselson & Franklin Stahl

• James Watson & Francis Crick

• Marshall Nirenberg & Heinrich Matthaei

• Friedrich Miescher

Which scientist provided X-ray diffraction images that helped Watson and Crick confirm DNA’s structure?

• Maurice Wilkins

• Oswald Avery

• Erwin Chargaff

• Kary Mullis

Who demonstrated that DNA replication is semi-conservative?

• Marshall Nirenberg & Heinrich Matthaei

• Matthew Meselson & Franklin Stahl

• Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase

• Francis Collins & Craig Venter

Which scientists deciphered the genetic code by identifying how codons specify amino acids?

• Barbara McClintock

• Marshall Nirenberg & Heinrich Matthaei

• James Watson & Francis Crick

• Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, & Maclyn McCarty