Evolution and Genetics

What are alleles?

• Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

• The physical location of a gene on a chromosome.

• The process by which DNA is copied to RNA.

• A type of mutation that occurs in a gene.

What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

• Ribosomes are responsible for energy production in cells.

• Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA.

• Ribosomes help in the replication of DNA.

• Ribosomes are involved in the transport of nutrients within the cell.

Genetic instructions are passed from both parents to their...

• ancestors.

• offspring.

• relatives.

• neighbors.

Why is DNA important?

• It serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things.

• It helps in the digestion of food.

• It is responsible for the production of energy in cells.

• It protects the body from infections.

Factors that control traits are called

• chromosomes

• alleles

• genes

• nucleotides

What role does genetic variation play in the evolution of species?

• It increases the chance that species will possess characteristics well-suited for a changing environment.

• It decreases the likelihood of mutations occurring in a population.

• It ensures that all individuals in a species are genetically identical.

• It limits the adaptability of species to new environments.

What is evolution?

• The process by which species change over time through genetic variation and natural selection.

• A theory that all species were created in their current form.

• The belief that species do not change over time.

• A method of breeding plants and animals for desired traits.

What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?

• Dominant traits require two copies of the allele to be expressed, while recessive traits are expressed with only one allele.

• Dominant traits are expressed in the phenotype even if only one allele is present, while recessive traits require two copies of the allele to be expressed.

• Recessive traits are always expressed, while dominant traits are not.

• Dominant traits can only be expressed in males, while recessive traits can be expressed in both males and females.

What is a phenotype?

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

• The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring.

• The study of how organisms interact with their environment.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

• 22

• 23

• 24

• 21