What is a key characteristic of megaprojects?

• They require minimal funding

• They are short-term projects

• They involve multiple stakeholders and high costs

• They primarily benefit only the local government

Which of the following is NOT a typical impact of megaprojects on local communities?

• Displacement of residents

• Reduced national economic growth

• Increased land prices

• Environmental changes

Urban entrepreneurial strategies prioritize megaprojects because:

• They help cities become globally competitive

• They require minimal investment

• They have immediate benefits for all residents

• They focus only on environmental sustainability

Why do policymakers often ignore local perceptions in megaproject planning?

• Local opinions are not considered reliable

• The focus is mainly on national economic benefits

• Megaprojects rarely affect local communities

• Local perceptions always oppose development

What is a common problem with initial cost estimations of megaprojects?

• The costs are often underestimated

• The costs are usually lower than expected

• Governments always provide accurate estimates

• Environmental costs are always considered

The Suramadu Bridge connects which two locations?

• Jakarta and Bali

• Java and Madura

• Sumatra and Kalimantan

• Sulawesi and Papua

What makes the Suramadu Bridge study unique?

• It was the first megaproject in Indonesia

• It was assessed after its completion (ex-post evaluation)

• It was built without any government funding

• It was the only bridge connecting two islands in Indonesia

What research methods were used in the Suramadu study?

• Only interviews

• Only surveys

• Both quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (interviews) methods

• Only government reports

Which of the following was identified as the strongest factor influencing local perceptions of the Suramadu Bridge?

• Material benefits (economic growth)

• Specific employment opportunities

• Environmental concerns

• Immaterial benefits (cultural pride and identity)

What is an example of a negative externality caused by the Suramadu Bridge?

• Decreased tourism in Madura

• Increased cost of living for local residents

• Decreased land prices in the surrounding areas

• Less job opportunities for skilled workers