Introduction to Psychology

Phineas Gage’s case provided evidence that:

• A) Brain damage has no effect on personality
  

• B) The brain plays a role in mental life and personality

• C) The heart is responsible for decision-making

• D) Memory loss is the primary symptom of brain injury

What type of neurons take in information from the external environment?

• A) Motor neurons

• B) Interneurons

• C) Sensory neurons

• D) Synaptic neurons

The gap between two neurons is called:

• A) Axon

• B) Dendrite

• C) Synapse

• D) Cortex

The cerebral cortex is most responsible for:

• A) Reflex actions

• B) Heart rate regulation

• C) Higher-level cognitive functions like reasoning and language

• D) Basic survival instincts

According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?

• A) Ego

• B) Super-ego

• C) Id

• D) Conscious mind

According to Freud, which part of the psyche represents internalized social rules and moral values?

• A) Id

• B) Ego

• C) Super-ego

• D) Conscious mind

What did Freud believe about dreams?

• A) They have no real meaning

• B) They are a direct reflection of daily events

• C) They reveal unconscious desires and conflicts

• D) They help the brain store factual knowledge

Which learning mechanism involves the association between two stimuli, such as Pavlov’s experiment with dogs?

• A) Operant conditioning

• B) Habituation

• C) Classical conditioning

• D) Observational learning

According to behaviorists, what determines human behavior?

• A) Innate traits and biology

• B) Environmental influences and experiences

• C) Genetic predispositions

• D) Unconscious desires

What is operant conditioning?

• A) Learning through association between two stimuli

• B) Learning through rewards and punishments

• C) Learning through errors

• D) Learning through repeated exposure