Learning & Cognition

What is Psychology?

• the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.

• the science that deals with mental processes.

• the scientific study which studies the behaviour of human beings.

• the scientific study which studies the physiology of human beings.

What is the connection between the mind and the body according to Hippocrates?

• 
  The first western philosopher to state that the mind resides in the brain

• Did not believe that the mind is connected to the brain

• Stated that mind is superior to the body

• The truth is found in our thoughts

What did Plato believe about the mind and body?

• Mind and body is one entity

• He believed that reality did not lie in concrete objects but are represented in abstract form in our minds.

• Reality lies only in the concrete world of objects

• Concrete objects are needed for thought processes

What is structuralism?

• Mind can be assessed through observable behaviour

• Mind is constantly changing, hence it’s more important to look at how and why an organism does something

• It relied on trained introspection, a research method whereby subjects related what was going on in their minds while performing a certain task.

• It relied on the basis that mind is constantly changing and it is represented through our actions.

Which of the following best describes learning as a process?

• The focus is on what happens when learning takes place.

• The final out come of learning

• The changed behaviour through learning

• The final assessment of a concept which is learned

Which psychologist stated that learning is a function of change in overt behaviour through reinforcement?

• Jerome Bruner

• Albert Bandura

• Lev Vygotsky

• B.F. Skinner

Which psychologist came up with the theory of schema?

• Jean Piaget

• Lev Vygotsky

• Albert Bandura

• B.F. Skinner

What is classical conditioning?

• A learning process in which a neutral stimulus (e.g., a ringing sound) is paired with a stimulus that elicits a natural response or reflex (e.g., food), creating an automatic, conditioned response to the neutral stimulus.

• A learning process in which a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a ringing sound) is paired with a stimulus that elicits a natural response or reflex (e.g., food), creating an automatic, conditioned response to the neutral stimulus.

• A learning process in which a neutral stimulus (e.g., a ringing sound) is paired with a stimulus that elicits a natural response or reflex (e.g., food), creating an automatic, unconditioned response to the neutral stimulus.

• A learning process in which a neutral stimulus (e.g., a ringing sound) is not paired with a stimulus that elicits a natural response or reflex (e.g., food), and does not create an automatic, conditioned response to the neutral stimulus.

A child cleans his room to avoid getting scolded from his mother. What type of reinforcement or punishment is this according to operant conditioning?

• Positive punishment

• Negative punishment

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

What is cognitive constructivism?

• Learning as the process of constructing meaning; it is how people make sense of their experience.

• Learning through observation and imitation.

• Learning as the process of constructing meaning through interaction with the environment.

• Learning through trial and error