Social Psych Review

Self-serving bias refers to:

• Attributing other people’s failures to their personality and successes to external factors

• Taking credit for our successes but blaming our failures on external factors

• Attributing both successes and failures to external factors

• The tendency to believe our behavior is always justified

Which of the following is an example of the fundamental attribution error?

• Believing a coworker missed a deadline because they are disorganized, without considering that they were dealing with personal issues.

• Thinking you performed poorly on a test because the questions were unfair.

• Attributing your friend's poor performance in a game to their lack of skill rather than the fact that they were feeling sick.

• Assuming someone is late to a meeting because of traffic rather than thinking they just overslept.

Which of the following best describes the mere exposure effect?

• The tendency to develop a preference for things that we see repeatedly.

• The phenomenon where we dislike things the more we are around them.

• The effect of seeing something for the first time and forming an instant strong opinion about it.

• The tendency to prefer things that are unfamiliar or novel.

Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

• A person believes they will fail a test, so they don’t study, and end up failing.

• A person assumes others don’t like them and, as a result, avoids social interactions, making others perceive them as unfriendly.

• A person feels confident about a presentation, and because of their confidence, they perform exceptionally well.

Which of the following is an example of the just-world phenomenon?

• Thinking that people are generally kind and that good things happen to those who are kind to others.

• Assuming that someone’s success is due to their natural talent and hard work, without considering other factors.

• Believing that people get what they deserve, such as assuming someone who is homeless must have made poor life choices.

• Believing that everyone should have equal opportunities, regardless of their background or situation.

Which of the following best describes the out-group homogeneity bias?

• The tendency to view members of an out-group as more similar to each other than they really are, while seeing members of one's own group as more varied.

• The belief that one's own group is superior to others.

• The tendency to favor members of one's own group over those in out-groups.

• The perception that out-group members are more diverse than they actually are.

Which of the following is an example of in-group bias?

• Choosing a team based on skills, regardless of background.

• Preferring to work with people from your own cultural or social group because you feel more comfortable with them.

• Assuming that people from different cultures have the same values as your own group.

• Believing that everyone should be treated equally, regardless of group affiliation.

Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance?

• Feeling guilty about telling a lie, but justifying it by saying it was for a good cause.

• Changing your opinion based on new information that conflicts with your previous beliefs.

• Experiencing discomfort after realizing a mistake and taking steps to correct it.

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?

• Seeking out information that supports your pre-existing beliefs and ignoring information that contradicts them.

• Challenging your own opinions by actively looking for opposing viewpoints.

• Making decisions based on a fair evaluation of all available evidence.

• Changing your beliefs when you encounter new information that contradicts your views.

Which of the following is an example of ethnocentrism?

• Believing that your culture's holidays are the best and that other cultures should adopt them.

• Trying to learn about and appreciate another culture by adopting its practices and values.

• Respecting cultural differences and understanding that every culture has its own unique qualities.

• Acknowledging that people from different cultures may have different, but equally valid, ways of living.