Landmark Supreme Court Cases- 3.12

3.12 Ruled that racial segregation did not violate right to “equal protection,” (14th Amendment). Facilities provided to each were “separate but equal.” Segregation strengthened across south.

• Brown v. Board of Education
• Plessy v. Ferguson 
• Gideon v. Wainwright 
• In Re Gault 

 3.12 The case established the Court’s power of judicial review.  The Court had the duty of interpreting the law. If the court identifies a law in conflict with the Constitution, the law is invalid.

• Marbury V. Madison
• Tinker v. Des Moines 
• Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
• Miranda v. Arizona 

What is the significance of the landmark Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

• As a result, segregation was found to be unconstitutional.

• As a result, the civil war ended.

• As a result, racist segregation laws were further strengthened across the South by justifying "separate but equal" was constitutional.

• As a result, people stopped using train cars altogether.

 3.12 Halted the recount in the 2000 Presidential Election. As a result of this decision, Bush won the Presidential election.

• Bush v. Gore 
• United States v. Nixon

What is the significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803)

• The case established that students had free speech rights guaranteed by the First Amendment

• The case established citizenship rights

• The case established the Court’s power of judicial review.

3.12 Ruled that juvenile courts should have different procedures, but due process rights still apply to children.

• In Re Gault 
• Miranda v. Arizona 
• Gideon v. Wainwright 
• Tinker v. Des Moines

 3.12 Ruled that “executive privilege” did not justify withholding evidence in a criminal investigation. President is not above the rule of law.

• United States v. Nixon
• Bush v. Gore 

3.12 Ruled that governments should be required to provide a lawyer to defendants too poor to afford one if they are charged with a felony.

• Gideon v. Wainwright 
• Miranda v. Arizona 
• In Re Gault 
• Tinker v. Des Moines

3.12 Ruled schools have the right to control activities they sponsor (pay for) for educational purposes. Qualified the Tinker ruling by allowing censorship under these circumstances.

• In Re Gault 
• Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
• Tinker v. Des Moines
• Gideon v. Wainwright 

3.12 Ruled that suspects must always be informed of their rights before interrogation. Police must read suspects their “Miranda Rights”

• Miranda v. Arizona 
• In Re Gault 
• Gideon v. Wainwright 
• Tinker v. Des Moines