Unit 3 Vocab

Asthenosphere

• A solid layer of the Earth that is involved in volcanic activity.

• A semi-fluid layer of the Earth located beneath the lithosphere, involved in plate tectonic movements.

• The outermost layer of the Earth that is rigid and does not move.

• A layer of the Earth's atmosphere that affects weather patterns.

Shield Volcano

• A type of volcano built almost entirely of fluid lava flows, resembling a warrior's shield.

• A volcano that erupts explosively and produces ash clouds.

• A volcano that is primarily composed of solid rock and has steep slopes.

• A type of volcano that forms underwater and creates new landmasses.

Divergent boundary

• A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving towards each other.

• A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other, and new crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth's surface between the two plates.

• A boundary where tectonic plates slide past each other without creating or destroying crust.

• A boundary that forms when two tectonic plates collide, resulting in mountain formation.

Transform boundary

• A type of fault with predominantly vertical motion

• A type of fault with predominantly horizontal motion

• A type of fault that only occurs underwater

• A type of fault that causes earthquakes in one direction

Cinder cone volcano

• A type of volcano that erupts lava flows

• A steep, conical hill consisting of glassy volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent.

• A large, broad volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity lava

• A volcano that primarily erupts ash and pumice, forming a wide, shallow structure.

Composite Volcano

• A type of volcano that erupts only lava flows.

• A conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.

• A volcano that primarily erupts gases and ash.

• A flat-topped volcano formed by the eruption of low-viscosity lava.

Ridge Push

• A proposed driving force for plate motion at mid-ocean ridges due to the high elevation of the ridge.

• A type of tectonic plate boundary where plates slide past each other.

• The process of one tectonic plate being forced under another.

• A phenomenon that occurs only at continental rift zones.

Hot Spot

• A location on the Earth's surface with active volcanism not at a plate boundary.

• A region where tectonic plates collide and create mountains.

• An area where earthquakes frequently occur due to plate movement.

• A place where ocean currents converge and create whirlpools.

Fault

• A type of rock formation that is solid and unbreakable.

• A fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, allowing movement relative to each other.

• A geological feature that only occurs underwater.

• A mineral deposit found in mountainous regions.

Subduction zone

• A region where tectonic plates meet and one plate is forced under another into the mantle.

• A location where tectonic plates slide past each other without significant vertical movement.

• An area where tectonic plates are moving apart, creating new crust.

• A zone characterized by volcanic activity due to the collision of two continental plates.