The _________ played a key role in facilitating trade along the Silk Road and Trans-Saharan trade networks, connecting regions across Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Merchant _________ communities from the Islamic world settled in cities along the Silk Road, spreading Islamic culture and facilitating trade.

The spread of _________ ________ through both the Silk Road and Trans-Saharan trade networks improved record-keeping and commerce across different regions.

Scholars at the _____ __ ______ in Baghdad translated and preserved knowledge that traveled along the Silk Road, including works on mathematics, medicine, and astronomy.

The Song Dynasty and the Abbasid Caliphate both thrived under a _________ ________, where merchants acted as cultural and economic intermediaries between distant regions.

The Silk Road and Trans-Saharan trade networks promoted _________ ________ by spreading religions, languages, and technologies across continents.

The rise of a ________ _______ along these trade routes allowed merchants to use coins and paper money instead of bartering goods.

Despite fostering unity through trade, both networks also experienced _____________, as religious divisions between different groups occasionally led to conflict.

Trade networks created ________ ______________ between regions, with West Africa supplying gold, the Middle East providing textiles, and China exporting silk.

A _________ typically treats people in their center better than people in their periphery.