DNA and RNA

Which of the following statements about the genotype and phenotype of an organism is accurate? Choose all that apply

• The genotype is made up of all the genes in an organism.
• The phenotype is all of the observable behavioral and physical characteristics of an organism.
• The phenotype is the part of an organism which interacts with the environment, but the genotype is what ultimately is changed by evolution.
• The phenotype is determined only by the genes.
• The phenotype includes the genetic code of an organism.

ATP is an RNA nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups on one end. Which of the following is true about ATP as a nucleotide?

• It has a pyrimidine base.
• It has a purine base

• It has a deoxyribose sugar

• It has glucose as a sugar.

Which of the following is true regarding numbering of the sugar molecule in a nucleotide?

• The base is connected to the 5’ carbon
• The 3’ carbon connects to the 1’ carbon of the next nucleotide in the chain.
• The 5’ carbon connects by a phosphodiester bond to the 3’ carbon of the next nucleotide in the chain.

• The 5’ carbon can have either an -OH or -H depending on if the sugar is ribose or deoxyribose.

Will Guanine form a base pair with Adenine?

• Yes, any purine can form a pair with another purine

• Yes, they both make 3 hydrogen bonds as a base pair, so match up

• No, guanine, a purine, only can make hydrogen bonds (3) with cytosine, a pyrimidine

• No, guanine only can pair with thymine, a pyrimidine, with 2 hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of a double stranded DNA molecule? Mark all that apply.

• If one DNA strand goes from 5’ to 3’, the complementary strand will go from 3’ to 5’
• The two DNA strands are antiparallel.
• Polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the 5’ end of a DNA polymer.
• Both a DNA strand and its complement run in the same direction, i.e. 5’ - 3’.

A DNA sample from a flatworm is found to have 22% Guanine. What percentage of the sample is made up of pyrimidines?

• 11%
• 22%
• 44%
• 50%

A gene is sequenced and found to be 29% Cytosine. What percent of the mRNA molecule made from that gene will be Uracil?

• 10.5%
• 21%
• 41%
• 50%

The DNA double helix has a uniform diameter of 2nm because ________, which have two rings, always pair with ________, which have one ring.

• purines; pyrimidines
• pyrimidines; purines
• deoxyribose sugars; ribose sugars
• ribose sugars; deoxyribose sugars

If a mutation happened in the gene for a histone protein that swapped most of its positively charged amino acids for negatively charged amino acids, but didn’t change its shape, what would you expect as a result?

• The mutated histone would bind more strongly to DNA.
• The mutated histone would be more likely to bind together with other mutated histone proteins.
• The mutated histone protein wouldn't bind as well to the DNA molecule.

• The mutated histone protein would no longer be water soluble.

Which of the following will determine the sequence of a newly synthesized strand of DNA in a typical cell?

• The sequence of the template strand of DNA with which it is made.

• The relative amounts of A, T, C, and G nucleotides available in the cell.
• The sequence is constructed randomly by DNA polymerase.
• The sequence of an RNA molecule created from the original strand.