Chapter 9 Vocabulary: Demography

Industrialization

• The process of developing industries in a country or region on a wide scale.

• A method of increasing agricultural production through technology.

• The transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy.

• A strategy for reducing urban population density.

Nomads

• People who settle permanently in one location.

• People who move from place to place rather than settling permanently in one location.

• People who engage in agriculture and farming.

• People who live in urban areas and do not travel.

Sparse

• Thinly dispersed or scattered; not dense in terms of population or vegetation.

• Highly populated and dense in terms of vegetation.

• Evenly distributed and abundant in resources.

• Rich in biodiversity and thriving with life.

Fertile Soil

• Soil that is rich in nutrients and capable of supporting abundant plant growth.

• Soil that is dry and lacks nutrients.

• Soil that is primarily composed of sand and gravel.

• Soil that is contaminated and unsuitable for agriculture.

Baby Boom

• A significant increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II.

• A period of economic decline in the 1960s.

• A cultural movement focused on environmentalism in the 1970s.

• A rise in the number of immigrants during the 1980s.

Suburbs

• Residential areas on the outskirts of a city, often characterized by lower density than urban areas.

• High-density urban areas with a lot of commercial activity.

• Rural areas far from any city, primarily agricultural.

• Central business districts with high-rise buildings.

Urbanization

• The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas.

• The process of moving from urban areas to rural areas.

• A decline in the population of cities due to migration.

• The development of rural areas into urban centers.

Metropolitan Area

• A large city and its surrounding suburbs and towns, forming an economic and social unit.

• A small town with limited economic activity.

• A rural area with no significant urban development.

• A region defined by its agricultural output.

Shanty Town

• A wealthy urban area with luxurious homes.

• A deprived area on the outskirts of a town consisting of large numbers of crude dwellings.

• A suburban neighborhood with well-maintained parks and schools.

• A commercial district filled with high-end shops and restaurants.

Demography

• The study of economic systems and their impact on society.

• The statistical study of populations, including the structure, distribution, and trends in size.

• The analysis of historical events and their significance.

• The examination of individual behavior in social contexts.