Elements of Nutrition Quiz

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is primarily caused by:

• Excessive vitamin intake.

• Inadequate intake of protein and calories.

• High cholesterol levels.

• Mineral deficiencies.

Kwashiorkor, a form of PEM, is characterized by:

• Severe wasting and muscle loss.

• Edema and distended abdomen.

• Vitamin A deficiency.

• Iron deficiency anemia.

Marasmus, another form of PEM, is characterized by:

• Edema and fatty liver.

• Severe wasting and muscle loss.

• Vitamin D deficiency.

• Folate deficiency.

A balanced diet should include:

• Only proteins and fats.

• Only carbohydrates and vitamins.

• All essential nutrients in appropriate proportions.

• Only mineral supplements.

What are the main components of a balanced diet?

• Macronutrients, micronutrients, and water.

• Only macronutrients.

• Only micronutrients.

• Only water and vitamins.

What is the purpose of including fiber in a balanced diet?

• To provide immediate energy.

• To aid in digestion and promote bowel regularity.

• To build muscle mass.

• To store excess glucose.

Which macronutrient has the highest TEF?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• All have equal TEF.

What is the approximate average BMR for a healthy adult male?

• 500 kcal/day

• 1000 kcal/day

• 1600-1800 kcal/day

• 2500 kcal/day

What is the approximate average RQ of a person on a mixed diet?

• 0.5

• 0.7

• 0.85

• 1.0

What is a key strategy for preventing PEM in vulnerable populations?

• Administering high doses of vitamins.

• Ensuring access to a balanced diet with adequate protein and calories.

• Providing only carbohydrates for energy.

• Supplementing with high levels of fats.