Mitosis and Meiosis Review

What is the process of mitosis?

• Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

• Mitosis is the process of DNA replication that occurs before cell division.

• Mitosis is the process of cellular respiration that generates energy for the cell.

• Mitosis is the process of protein synthesis that occurs in the ribosomes.

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What is the process of meiosis?

• A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse haploid cells, typically gametes (sperm and eggs).

• A process that duplicates the chromosome number, resulting in two identical diploid cells.

• A method of cell division that occurs only in prokaryotic organisms.

• A type of cell division that produces two genetically identical cells for growth and repair.

What are gametes?

• Reproductive cells that are diploid and unite during fertilization.

• Reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) that are haploid and unite during fertilization.

• Cells that form the outer layer of an embryo.

• Cells that are involved in the immune response.

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What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?

• Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

• Sister chromatids are separated and move to opposite poles.

• Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

• Nuclear membranes reform around each set of chromosomes.

Why is genetic variation important?

• It allows for the development of new species.

• It is essential for the survival of individual organisms.

• It enables populations to adapt to changing environments.

• It reduces the chances of extinction for all species.

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What is crossing over and when does it occur?

• Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that occurs during prophase I of meiosis.

• Crossing over is the process of DNA replication that occurs during interphase.

• Crossing over is the separation of sister chromatids that occurs during anaphase II of meiosis.

• Crossing over is the fusion of gametes that occurs during fertilization.

What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes?

• Somatic cells are haploid reproductive cells, while gametes are diploid body cells.

• Somatic cells are diploid body cells, while gametes are haploid reproductive cells.

• Somatic cells are involved in reproduction, while gametes are not.

• Somatic cells are found only in plants, while gametes are found only in animals.

What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

• Meiosis produces gametes (sperm and eggs) that combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.

• Meiosis is responsible for the replication of DNA before cell division.

• Meiosis helps in the repair of damaged tissues in the body.

• Meiosis produces identical daughter cells for growth and repair.

How many chromosomes are present in human body cells?

• 44 chromosomes

• 46 chromosomes

• 48 chromosomes

• 42 chromosomes

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

• Haploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes (2n), while diploid cells contain one set (n).

• Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells contain two sets (2n).

• Haploid cells are found in somatic cells, while diploid cells are found in gametes.

• Haploid cells are larger than diploid cells.

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