Age of Revolutions Vocabulary

Liberty

• The state of being free from oppressive restrictions; a key ideal of both the American and French Revolutions.

• A form of government where power is held by a single ruler.

• The economic system where trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

• A philosophical belief that emphasizes the importance of community over individual rights.

Guillotine

• A device used during the French Revolution for executing people by beheading, symbolizing the radical phase of the revolution.

• A type of weapon used in medieval battles.

• A method of torture used in ancient Rome.

• A political movement advocating for the rights of the monarchy.

Reform

• The process of making changes to improve an institution or practice, which was the aim of many revolutionary leaders.

• A method of enforcing strict laws to maintain order in society.

• A strategy for promoting economic growth through deregulation.

• A political ideology that opposes change and seeks to preserve traditional values.

Revolution

• A gradual change in political power through elections.

• A significant change in political power or organizational structures, often achieved through force, such as the American and French Revolutions.

• A peaceful transition of power without any conflict.

• A temporary change in leadership without altering the structure of governance.

Oppression

• Prolonged and unjust treatment or control, experienced by colonists under British rule and French citizens under the monarchy.

• A form of government where power is held by a single ruler or a small group.

• A system of government in which the people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

• A state of political and social freedom where individuals have equal rights.

Protest

• An organized public demonstration expressing strong objection to policies or actions.

• A celebration of achievements and successes.

• A formal agreement between two parties.

• A peaceful gathering to discuss community issues.

Rights

• The privileges granted by the government to its citizens.

• The basic entitlements and freedoms that individuals are believed to have, central to revolutionary movements seeking equality.

• The laws that govern the behavior of individuals in society.

• The financial benefits provided to individuals by the state.

Solidarity

• Unity and mutual support within a group, vital to the success of revolutionary movements.

• A state of being alone and independent from others.

• A form of government where power is held by a single ruler.

• A financial agreement between two parties.

Treason

• The crime of betraying one’s country, which could include acts such as aiding an enemy or attempting to overthrow the government.

• A legal term for the act of stealing from a government official.

• A form of espionage that involves spying on foreign nations.

• The act of refusing to serve in the military during wartime.

National Assembly

• The assembly formed by the representatives of the Second Estate in France in 1789.

• The revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate in France in 1789, which sought to enact reforms.

• A gathering of French nobles to discuss the monarchy in 1789.

• The legislative body established by the King of France in 1789.