Thinking and Language Holt McDougal Chapter 8

What is a prototype?

• An example of a concept that best exemplifies the characteristics of that concept.

• A random object.

• A type of machine.

• A scientific theory.

Select TWO correct answers.

Automatic thought processes are often referred to as -

• thinking lite

• mental butlers

• conscious thought

• logical reasoning

• recalled episodic memories

Heuristics and algorithms approaches solving problems.

Complete the statement:

Heuristics are _________ than algorithms, but are __________.

• 1) shortcuts that are faster

  2) not always reliable

• 1) more mathematical

  2) more reliable

• 1) less specific

  2) guaranteed to work

• 1) more specific procedures

  2) not rules of thumb

What is 'Means-End Analysis'?

• A heuristic problem-solving technique

• A mathematical formula

• A type of language learning

• A physical exercise

Match the terms with the correct definition

• Basic sound units in a language

• Morphemes

• Rules governing sentence structure

• Phonemes

• Smallest units of meaning

• Phonetics

• Meaning in language

• Semantics

• Study of sounds in human speech

• Syntax

Match the term with the correct definition.

• Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

• communication of ideas through symbols that are arranged according to the rules of grammar.

• Language

• Children learn language partly by observing and imitating other people

• Environmental Influences

• The natural tendency to acquire language

• Stages of Language Development

• Crying, Cooing, Babbling, Words, Grammar

Syntax refers to __.

• the basic sounds of language

• the units of meaning in a language

• the way in which words are arranged to make phrases and sentences

• the study of meaning in language.

Phonemes are the basic __ of language.

• Units of meaning

• Sounds

• Arrangement of words

• Study of meaning

Semantics involves the relationship between language and __.

• basic sounds

• objects depicted in the language

• units of meaning

• arrangement of words

English uses about 43 ​ (a)   , including some that are not found in other languages.

• phonemes
• morphemes
• syntax
• semantics