5.2 Biology STAAR Review

Which of the following best defines DNA?

• DNA is a lipid that forms cell membranes.
• DNA is a carbohydrate that provides energy.
• DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.
• DNA is a type of protein found in cells.

Which of the following best defines RNA?

• RNA is a double-stranded protein that stores genetic information.
• RNA is a type of lipid that helps in energy production.
• RNA is a carbohydrate that provides structural support to cells.
• RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation.

Which of the following best defines mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
• An environmental change affecting species adaptation.
• A type of genetic engineering technique.
• A process of natural selection in evolution.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following best defines Frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic code due to insertion or deletion of nucleotides.
• A mutation that results in the duplication of a segment of DNA.
• A mutation that occurs only in non-coding regions of DNA.
• A mutation that only affects a single nucleotide without altering the reading frame.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following best defines Point Mutation?

• A change in multiple nucleotides in the DNA sequence.
• An insertion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
• A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
• A deletion of a segment of DNA from the chromosome.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following best defines Silent Mutation?

• A mutation that changes one amino acid to another.
• A mutation that introduces a premature stop codon in a protein.
• A mutation that alters the DNA sequence but not the protein structure.
• A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following best defines Missense Mutation?

• A missense mutation is a mutation that results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein.
• A missense mutation is a mutation that results in a premature stop codon.
• A missense mutation is a mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence.
• A missense mutation is a mutation that affects the DNA sequence but not the protein structure.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following best defines Nonsense mutation?

• A mutation that enhances protein function.
• A mutation that alters a single amino acid in a protein.
• A mutation that has no effect on the protein produced.
• A mutation that creates a premature stop codon in a gene.

Which of the following best defines Translocation mutation?

• Translocation mutation is the movement of a DNA segment from one location to another in the genome.
• Translocation mutation refers to the deletion of a DNA segment from the genome.
• Translocation mutation is the duplication of a DNA segment within the same location.
• Translocation mutation is the inversion of a DNA segment within the chromosome.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following best defines amino acid?

• Amino acids are simple sugars that provide structural support in cells.
• Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins.
• Amino acids are inorganic compounds essential for energy production.
• Amino acids are fatty acids that store energy in the body.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1