H Gene to Protein Vocabulary

Match the following

• peptide bonds

• bonds connecting amino acids together to form polypeptide chain

• polypeptide chain

• modified end of the 3' end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides during RNA processing

• Poly A tail

• A chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

• 5' cap

• 5' end of pre-mRNA molecule modified by the addition of a cap during RNA processing

Match the following

• nonsense mutation

• point mutation that changes a codon to a STOP, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein

• missense mutation

• point mutation that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid, changing the protein structure

• silent mutation

• point mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence or protein

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

building blocks of protein

(a)  

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

The three-nucleotide sequence (triplet) on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid is a ​ (a)   . The group of three bases on tRNA molecules that are complementary to mRNA codons are ​ (b)   .

• anti-codon
• codon

theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins

(a)  

removing one or more nitrogenous bases in a gene sequence

• deletion

• insertion

• silent mutation

• duplication

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

a segment of DNA is copied multiple times in a chromosome

• deletion

• insertion

• silent mutation

• duplication

adding one or more nitrogenous bases into a gene sequence

• deletion

• insertion

• silent mutation

• duplication

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

​ (a)   are the expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein. ​ (b)   are sequences of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein, removed during RNA processing.

• exons
• introns

Match the following

• translation

• process of copying a specific section of DNA into mRNA

• ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes where translation occurs

• transcription

• modification of mRNA before it leaves the nucleus that is unique to eukaryotes, includes removing introns and adding a cap and tail

• RNA processing

• process by which mRNA is decoded to create a polypeptide chain (protein)