Tutorial 20

Out of the following options, which mechanism would have FDR?

• a) Type 1 retrotransposons using a "copy and paste mechanism"
• b) Type 1 retrotransposons using an "rna intermediate"
• c) Type 2 transposable elements using a cut and paste mechanism
• d) All of the above
• e) None of the above

You are a researcher interested in sequencing the genome of a newly discovered bacterium. You need a cost-effective method that produces long reads to assemble repetitive regions and requires minimal amplification. Which of the following sequencing methods is the best choice to implement?

• Sanger Sequencing
• Illumina Sequencing
• Pacific Biosciences Sequencing
• Nanopore Sequencing
• Shotgun Sequencing

Using Illumina's next generation sequencing, it can produce a large number of reads in a short amount of time. If a genome is sequenced at 30x coverage means each base is sequenced an average of 30 times, what happens to the probability the base is not sequenced as this coverage is increased?

• It increase as higher coverage leads to a higher bases not sequenced
• It decreases as the higher coverage leads to lower bases not sequenced
• It decrease as the sequencing coverage is inversely related to bases not sequenced
• It will stay the same as the sequencing does not affect bases not sequenced
• --

Which of the following methods allows archaeal viruses to incorporate DNA into a host genome:

• Transfection
• Conjugation
• Transformation
• Transgenic
• Transduction

Which of the following suggests that a mutation in the lac operon is cis-acting rather than trans-acting?

• The mutation stops the Lacl repressor from binding to both copies of the operon in a partial diploid.
• The mutation only affects beta-galactosidase expression when it's on the same DNA strand as lacz.
• The mutation causes constant lacZ expression in a partial diploid, no matter which DNA molecule it's on.
• The mutation's effect is fixed by adding a plasmid with a working version of the affected gene.
• The mutation changes the Lacl protein so that it can't bind lactose.

What is true regarding the regulation of eukaryotic and prokaryotic gene expression?

• a) eukaryotes can have transcription occurring with only a promotor sequence present
• b) prokaryotes have more regulation points in terms of gene expression than eukaryotes
• c) prokaryotes often need enhancer and silencer regions to increase the amount of transcription
• d) eukaryotes have more regulation points and often require enhancer and silencer regions to increase the amount of transcription
• e) all of the above

During an evolutionary cycle, a non-photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic eukaryote, leading to the formation of a secondary chloroplast. Does the genome number change throughout the stages of genetic merging and endosymbiosis?

• a) No, the photosynthetic organism retains its entire genome and does not merge with the host's genetic material.
• b) Yes,in the final stage, genetic material from the engulfed organism is transferred to the host nucleus and mitochondria, reducing the genome number.
• c) Yes, genetic material is transferred during the entrapment stage, reducing the genome number retained until the sharing stage.
• d) No, the entrapment stage prevents genetic exchange between the engulfed unit and the host, maintaining genome numbers.
• e) None of the above.

What is the correct term?

• Reciprocal translation
• Reciprocal transcersion
• Non-reciprocal deletion
• Reciprocal substitution
• None