Unit 1 Review

What is the process by which information encoded in DNA is translated into functional proteins?

• Gene Regulation

• Gene Expression

• Cell Differentiation

• DNA Replication

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In the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the process of DNA being transcribed into messenger RNA called?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Transformation

What role do transcription factors play in gene regulation?

• They transcribe DNA into RNA.

• They bind to DNA and control gene expression.

• They translate mRNA into proteins.

• They replicate DNA.

What is an example of how gene expression can affect physical traits, as mentioned in the text?

• Hair texture

• Eye color

• Skin tone

• Height

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What is cell differentiation?

• The process by which cells divide

• The process by which cells become specialized

• The process by which DNA is replicated

• The process by which proteins are synthesized

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What is the role of enzymes in cutting and pasting DNA?

• To cut DNA at specific sequences and paste pieces together

• To replicate DNA strands

• To destroy harmful DNA

• To create new DNA sequences from scratch

What is one application of genetically modified bacteria in medicine?

• Producing human insulin

• Creating new antibiotics

• Developing vaccines

• Enhancing immune response

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What is the purpose of genetically modifying Golden Rice?

• To produce beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A

• To increase rice yield

• To make rice resistant to pests

• To enhance the taste of rice

What is CRISPR-Cas9 used for in gene editing?

• To precisely edit the DNA sequence of an organism

• To replicate DNA strands

• To destroy harmful DNA

• To create new DNA sequences from scratch

How can crops be engineered using gene editing?

• To resist pests and diseases

• To grow faster

• To produce more seeds

• To require less water

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