The Judicial Branch Review

Which early law code is considered one of the first written legal systems?

• The Ten Commandments

• The Justinian Code

• The Code of Hammurabi

• English Common Law

The Ten Commandments primarily influenced the U.S. Judicial Branch by:

• Establishing trial procedures

• Introducing moral laws as a foundation for legal systems

• Creating the concept of judicial review

• Outlining the process for electing judges

Which principle of democracy ensures that laws apply equally to all citizens?

• Judicial independence

• The rule of law

• Federalism

• Separation of powers

Judicial independence is supported by:

• Allowing judges to be elected directly by citizens

• The ability of Congress to remove judges at will

• Lifetime appointments for federal judges

• Frequent judicial elections

What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

• It established the right to an attorney

• It reinforced state sovereignty over federal law

• It established judicial review

• It ruled that separate but equal was constitutional

Judicial review allows the Supreme Court to:

• Appoint lower court judges

• Propose new legislation

• Enforce laws directly

• Declare laws unconstitutional

Criminal trial courts primarily deal with:

• Lawsuits between individuals

• Disputes over property

• Appeals of lower court decisions

• Cases where someone is accused of breaking the law

In an adversarial system of justice, the role of the judge is to:

• Investigate the case

• Act as a neutral referee

• Present evidence to the jury

• Represent the government in prosecution

In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court ruled that:

• Everyone has the right to an attorney

• Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court

• Grand juries are required for all criminal cases

• Judges must remain impartial

A plea bargain is:

• A trial by jury in a criminal trial court

• A formal appeal of a case to the Supreme Court

• An agreement where a defendant pleads guilty for a lesser sentence

• A ruling issued by a judge without a trial on if a law is constitutional