Chapter 3&4 summary

What substage of the sensorimotor stage deals with the following:

"This substage is characterised by purposeful behaviour where there is a means to an end."

• Substage 1: reflexes

• Substage 2: Primary circular reactions

• Substage 4: coordination of secondary reactions

• Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions

Which cognitive skill am I refering to in the following: (sensorimotor stage)

"This refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist when they cannot be seen anymore"

• imitation

• perseverating search

• A-not-B error

• Object permanence

Which Big Five personality trait is characterised by the following:

"the degree to which a person's interpersonal interactions are charactrised as warm and compassionate"

• extraversion

• agreeableness

• openness

• conscientiousness

Which explanation of emotions correlates with the following:

"It refers to the cognitive processes that act as mediators that bridge the gap between environmental or social stimuli and the emotion that a child ultimately expresses."

• biologically based explanations

• contextual explanation

• cognitive-socialisation explanation

Which dimension of temperament deals with the following:

"Negative affect related to interruption of on-going tasks or goal-blocking."

• Extraversion/surgency

• Negativity affectivity

• effortful control

"Babies use their mothers as a security base from which they explore their world."

Which attachment style does this describe?

• resistant attachment

• ambivalent attachment

• avoidant attachment

• secure attachment

"this includes reasoning, explaining, and the setting of clear limits"

Which technique of socialisation does this illustrate?

• positive reinforcement

• scaffolding

• induction

• power assertion

Within the preoperational stage of Piaget's development, which concept does the following illustrate:

“the tendency of kids to view the world from their own perspective. they fail to get that other people have their own perspective.”

• perceptual centration

• irreversability

• egocentrisicm

• animistic thinking

This statement refers to which component of ethnicity development:

"knowledge that their ethnic group has differing characteristics"

• ethnic self-identification

• ethnic feelings and preferences

• ethnic constancy

• ethnic knowldege

"children with consistent rules are less likely to become defiant or noncompliant"

Which dimension of parenting is highlighted above:

• consistent control

• warmth

• nurturance

• communication