Palmer et al. 2014 DIRT

Where and when did the study take place?

• Massachussetts, 2018

• New Mexico, 2016

• California, 2020

• Texas, 2014

How many teachers were observed?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

What grade levels were the students in the observed classrooms?

• Pre-K, K, 1st

• Pre-K and 1st

• 1st and 2nd

• 1st, 2nd, 3rd

What type of study did Palmer et al. (2014) conduct?

• Experimental study with control and treatment groups

• Large-scale survey of dual-language teachers

• Qualitative classroom-based ethnographic study

• Meta-analysis of bilingual education research

How did the researchers collect data on the two teachers' bilingual teaching practices?

• Standardized tests and student assessments

• Classroom observations and teacher interviews

• Parent surveys and student reflections

• Experimental language proficiency trials

Which of the following was a key focus of the researchers when analyzing the teachers’ practices?

• The strict separation of Spanish and English

• Whether students followed the assigned language of the day

• The effectiveness of standardized bilingual assessments

• How teachers encouraged translanguaging in the classroom

What was a major criterion for selecting the two teachers studied?

• They were known for using dynamic bilingual practices

• They strictly enforced language separation in their classrooms

• They volunteered to participate in an experimental bilingual program

• They were randomly assigned by school administrators