Myers AP Psychology Personality

Which of the following best describes Freud's concept of the unconscious mind?

• A state of deep sleep where dreams occur
• A reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, and memories
• The part of the brain responsible for decision-making
• A temporary state caused by stress

According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the reality principle?

• Id
• Ego
• Superego
• Unconscious

Sarah has a big exam coming up but instead of studying, she spends the day watching movies. She later tells her friend that she didn't study because the teacher made the test too difficult anyway. This is an example of which defense mechanism?

• Denial
• Rationalization
• Projection
• Reaction Formation

Which of the following best describes the Big Five personality trait of conscientiousness?

• A tendency to be outgoing and social
• A characteristic pattern of anxiety and mood swings
• A disposition toward organization and goal-directed behavior
• A preference for trying new and unusual experiences

According to Carl Rogers, what is necessary for a growth-promoting social climate?

• Authority, discipline, and strict rules
• Empathy, genuineness, and acceptance
• Intelligence, creativity, and assertiveness
• Self-discipline, goal-setting, and independence

What is reciprocal determinism?

• The belief that unconscious motives determine personality
• The interaction of behavior, personal factors, and environment
• The process by which childhood experiences shape adulthood
• The theory that genetics alone shape personality

Mike is frequently anxious and tends to worry excessively about small problems. In terms of the Big Five personality traits, he is likely high in:

• Agreeableness
• Openness
• Neuroticism
• Conscientiousness

Which of the following is a criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

• It relies too much on testable hypotheses
• It overemphasizes conscious thought
• It lacks scientific evidence and testability
• It ignores childhood experiences

Lisa, who is five years old, begins sucking her thumb again after her parents have a new baby. This is an example of which defense mechanism?

• Regression
• Displacement
• Sublimation
• Projection

Which of the following is an example of the Dunning-Kruger effect?

• An individual believes they are highly skilled despite lacking knowledge
• A person underestimates their abilities due to low self-esteem
• Someone attributes their failures to external circumstances
• A person denies their own faults while criticizing others