AP Psych Unit 8 FA Dummy 4

The fundamental attribution error occurs when people:

• Overestimate personality traits and underestimate situations

• Assume that all behaviors result from external circumstances

• Believe that personal choices do not influence daily actions

• Consider both situational and personal factors in judgment

What does the self-serving bias lead people to do?

• Accept blame for failures and credit others for their success

• Attribute successes to themselves and failures to situations

• Assume that all achievements happen randomly or by chance

• Avoid making attributions about their own personal actions

What is an example of the fundamental attribution error?

• Blaming someone’s lateness on laziness rather than traffic

• Assuming that someone’s kindness is due to a good mood

• Recognizing that external pressures influence human behavior

• Identifying both personality and environment in judgment

What is the central concept of social identity theory?

• People define themselves based on group memberships

• Individuals avoid categorizing themselves into social groups

• Personal identity is separate from all external group influence

• People reject group labels and focus only on unique traits

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when:

• Expectations influence behavior in ways that make them true

• People avoid acting on any prior assumptions or stereotypes

• Individuals recognize their own biases and reject false beliefs

• Social roles prevent predictions from affecting future behavior

Stereotype threat is best described as:

• Anxiety about confirming negative stereotypes of one’s group

• A belief that stereotypes do not affect how people perform

• A refusal to acknowledge the existence of group stereotypes

• A tendency to challenge any assumptions about social identity

What does scapegoating explain?

• A rejection of all stereotypes in social interactions

• A belief that group differences should always be ignored

• Blaming an out-group for problems faced by a society

• A tendency to take responsibility for social inequalities

The mere exposure effect suggests that:

• People tend to like things more after repeated exposure

• Familiarity with something leads to increased boredom

• Repeated interactions reduce preference for familiar objects

• Novelty always increases attraction and emotional response

What is the role of social norms in behavior?

• They shape expectations about how individuals should act

• They have no influence on how people behave in groups

• They are always written rules that must be followed by law

• They apply only to formal organizations and government rules

How does groupthink affect decision-making?

• It leads to poor choices due to pressure for group agreement

• It encourages individuals to think independently and critically

• It strengthens logical reasoning and prevents faulty conclusions

• It ensures that every viewpoint is considered before action