Unit 7 Quizs

Guanine

• A purine base found in DNA and RNA, pairs with cytosine.

• A pyrimidine base found in DNA, pairs with adenine.

• A sugar molecule that forms the backbone of DNA.

• An amino acid that is essential for protein synthesis.

Peptide bond

• A type of bond that holds nucleotides together in DNA

• A chemical bond formed between two amino acids during protein synthesis.

• A bond that connects fatty acids to glycerol in lipids

• A bond that forms between monosaccharides in carbohydrates.

Thymine

• A purine base found in RNA, pairs with uracil.

• A pyrimidine base found in DNA, pairs with adenine.

• A sugar molecule that forms the backbone of DNA.

• An amino acid that is essential for protein synthesis.

Bacterial plasmids

• Small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that are distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

• Linear, single-stranded RNA molecules that are involved in protein synthesis.

• Large, complex proteins that are essential for cellular respiration.

• Rigid structures that provide support and protection to bacterial cells.

mRNA

• Messenger RNA; a type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

• Micro RNA; a type of RNA involved in gene regulation.

• Ribosomal RNA; a type of RNA that forms the core of ribosome's structure and catalyzes protein synthesis.

• Transfer RNA; a type of RNA that helps decode a messenger RNA sequence into a protein.

Translation

• The process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins using the mRNA transcript.

• The process of copying DNA into RNA.

• The process of breaking down proteins into amino acids.

• The process of synthesizing lipids from carbohydrates.

Karyotype

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

• The process of cell division in eukaryotic cells.

• The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Induced fit

• A model of enzyme activity that describes how an enzyme changes shape to accommodate the substrate.

• A theory that suggests enzymes are rigid and do not change shape.

• A process where substrates are permanently altered by enzymes.

• A method of enzyme inhibition that prevents substrate binding.

Polypeptide chain

• A single linear chain of many amino acids, held together by amide bonds.

• A complex structure of multiple proteins folded together.

• A type of carbohydrate made of sugar molecules.

• A lipid molecule that forms cell membranes.

Nucleotide

• A type of protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions.

• The basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

• A molecule that stores genetic information in cells.

• A lipid that forms the cell membrane.