APES Unit 7 Vocab

Primary air pollutants

• Air pollutants that are indirectly formed in the atmosphere

• Air pollutants that are directly emitted from human or natural sources ex: CO, CO2, SO2, NO, hydrocarbons, particulates.

• Air pollutants that are removed from the atmosphere by natural processes

• Air pollutants that are only produced by industrial activities

Volcanoes

• natural source of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM, carbon monoxide in the atmosphere

• artificial source of nitrogen oxides and methane

• primary cause of acid rain

• major contributor to ozone depletion

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-2

NGSS.HS-ESS2-4

NGSS.HS-ESS2-6

Secondary air pollutants

• Air pollutants formed from natural sources only.

• Air pollutants that do not react with other compounds.

• Air pollutants formed when primary air pollutants react with water, sunlight, oxygen, or other compounds in the atmosphere.

• Air pollutants that are always harmful to human health.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Lead

• A naturally occurring metal found in rocks in the earth.

• A type of organic compound used in fertilizers.

• A synthetic material used in construction.

• A common element in the atmosphere.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Hydrogen ion

• H+, released by the dissociation of sulfuric and nitric acid. The more acidic something is, the greater the concentration of H+ ions.

• H2O, a molecule that is essential for life and does not dissociate in acids.

• Na+, a common ion found in table salt and not related to acidity.

• Cl-, an ion that is often associated with hydrochloric acid but does not indicate acidity.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

• A basic compound that is often used to neutralize acidic soils, waters, or other substances.

• An acidic compound that increases the pH of solutions.

• A salt that is primarily used in food preservation.

• A mineral that is used as a fertilizer.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

• NO and NO2 are both colorless gases.

• NO2 is a pungent, reddish-brown gas.

• NOx is only released from fossil fuels.

• NOx has no impact on respiratory health.

Nitric acid

• A harmful component of acid deposition

• A type of base

• A non-toxic gas

• A solid at room temperature

Decibels

• A unit of measurement of loudness of a sound.

• A type of musical instrument.

• A measure of temperature.

• A unit for measuring distance.

Cochlear damage

• Damage to hairs within the auditory tract that assist with hearing. Can be caused by high intensity sounds (high decibel).

• A condition where the outer ear is blocked, preventing sound waves from entering.

• A type of hearing loss that occurs due to aging and is not related to sound exposure.

• An infection in the middle ear that affects hearing temporarily.