Unit 5 Vocabulary: Agriculture

Fair Trade

• A system of trading that prioritizes profit over fair wages.

• A system of trading with a developing country where producers are paid fairly and work in good conditions.

• A method of trading that focuses solely on luxury goods.

• A trading system that allows for exploitation of workers in developing countries.

Milkshed

• Area around a city where milk is produced and processed.

• Ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling.

• Zone designated for dairy farming and milk distribution.

• Region where milk is imported from other countries.

Plantation Farming

• A type of farming that focuses on growing a variety of crops for local consumption.

• A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops (chocolate, coffee, etc.) for sale, usually to a more developed country.

• A method of farming that uses advanced technology to increase crop yields.

• A small-scale farming practice that emphasizes organic and sustainable methods.

2nd Agricultural Revolution

• Improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce that happened at the same time as the Industrial Revolution (late 1700 to early 1900).

• The introduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming practices.

• The transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture in the 20th century.

• The development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for crop production.

Soil Salinization

• A process that increases soil fertility and promotes agricultural growth.

• A major process of land degradation that decreases soil fertility and is a significant component of desertification processes in the world's dryland.

• A method of irrigation that helps in maintaining soil moisture levels.

• A technique used to enhance the nutrient content of the soil.

Von Thunen Model

• Compares the costs of transportation for agricultural goods and the location of their production.

• Analyzes the impact of climate on crop yields.

• Examines the effects of urbanization on rural areas.

• Studies the relationship between soil types and agricultural practices.

Urban Sprawl

• The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land.

• The phenomenon of urban areas contracting and reducing in size due to economic decline.

• The movement of people from rural areas to urban centers in search of better opportunities.

• The development of high-density housing in urban centers to accommodate growing populations.

Semi-Periphery Country

• Countries that are fully developed and industrialized.

• Countries that are developing and industrializing, positioned between the periphery and core countries. (Brazil & Mexico)

• Countries that are primarily agricultural and have low levels of industrialization.

• Countries that are at the forefront of technological innovation and economic growth.

Farm to Table

• A social movement which promotes directly buying local, fresh food from a farm to serve at restaurants and school cafeterias.

• A method of farming that uses only organic fertilizers and no pesticides.

• A culinary trend that focuses on international cuisine and exotic ingredients.

• A program that encourages urban gardening in city environments.

Commercial Farming

• Growing large quantities of crops or livestock in order to sell them for a profit.

• Farming that focuses on sustainable practices and local markets.

• Cultivating small plots of land for personal consumption.

• Raising animals primarily for companionship rather than for food.