Tutorial 38

Which of the following statements is true?:

• The more genes a eukaryote has, the more complex of an organism it is considered to be
• Within a population of different bacterial organisms, the bacteria that have a greater gene number will have more non-coding DNA.
• Gene number shares no relationship with organismal complexity for bacteria.
• Humans have a larger genome than many other organisms (prokaryota and eukaryota) which contains a high percentage of non-coding DNA.
• N/A

Which of the following best describes the role of tumour suppressor genes in cancer development?

• they promote uncontrolled cell division leading to cancer when mutated in a gain of function manner
• They prevent apoptosis
• They normally regulate cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair but loss of function mutations contribute to uncontrolled cell growth leading to cancer
• They enhance the activity of proto-oncogenes increasing cell proliferation
• They are dominant and always cause cancer when mutated

The Antennapedia (Antp) gene plays a crucial role in determining leg and antenna identity in Drosophila. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the function of Antp?

• A) A loss-of-function (Antpˡᶠ) mutation causes Antp to be misexpressed in the head, transforming antennae into legs.
• B) A gain-of-function (Antpᵍᶠ) mutation leads to Antp expression in the antenna region, resulting in legs transforming into antennae.
• C) Antp is normally expressed in a spatially restricted pattern during embryogenesis, and misexpression in the head leads to a transformation of antennae into legs.
• D) The wild-type (Antp⁺) phenotype results in Antp expression throughout the body, ensuring proper development of legs and antennae.
• n/a

Which of the following is true regarding combining long reads and short reads when scaffolding in reference genomes?

• Can use long reads to go over low complexity areas, can use shorts reads to get more coverage on all non-repetitive areas
• Can combine long reads and short reads for a hybrid assembly
• Can use long reads to distinguish the different ends of a fragment, can use short reads to order contigs
• A and B
• A and C

what is the right process with BLAST search?:

• breaks down query to short words --> database broken to small words --> matching is done with query words and data base --> the words are then aligned
• take each fragment of query --> search the entire database --> match --> align
• take multiple short query words --> search the entire data base --> match --> align
• take long query words --> search in database made from small words --> match --> align
• words are aligned --> query words are matched --> matches are compared for similarities

Which of the following statements about mutation rates is correct ?

• Mutation rates are higher the same across all species
• Germline mutation rates are higher than somatic mutation rates
• Mutation rates are only influenced by environmental factors
• Mutations always cause visible changes in an organism
• Somatic mutation rates are higher than germline mutation rates

Which of the following is necessary for successful homologous recombination in non model organisms

• Presence of a recombinase enzyme specific to the organism
• Use of a transposon to insert DNA randomly into the genome
• Introduction of a linear DNA fragment with flanking homology arms
• Suppression of all DNA repair mechanisms to prevent unwanted mutations
• NA

Which of the following is a limitation of the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system in detecting protein-protien interactions?

• It can only detect interactions that occur in the yeast nucleus.
• It requires the presence of a lipid bilayer for membrane protein interactions.
• It can only detect ionic interactions between proteins.
• It measures protein complex formation in mammalian cells.
• N/A

Match the term to the definition entrapment

• One cell engulfs another cell
• Two cells interact by sharing processes and metabolites
• Transfer of genes from engulfed cell to host
• The engulfed cell is fully dependent on host cell and is unable to live outside or host cell
• Basis of symbiotic relationship forms