Areas of Clinical Focus -Test.com

The Strong Interest Inventory builds upon which theorist's model?

• a. Havinghurst

• b. Holland

• c. Roe

• d. Parson

Answer explanation

The Strong Interest Inventory is based on Holland's theory of types and utilizes the six types identified by Holland.

You are meeting with Glenda, a nurse who is struggling with her supervisor around her performance. You come to know that her supervisor is relatively new in management but has been in the clinical field helping patients in direct care for the past twenty years. You believe that people that are attracted to particular jobs tend to have particular personality traits. Your thinking is in line with which career theorist?

• a. Brill

• b. Roe

• c. Holland

• d. Maslow

Answer explanation

Holland believed in matching personality and environment and believed that occupational choice is an expression of personality and is not random.

Jack is 62 years old and because of a back injury had to retire early from construction work. Jack feels his mind is still sharp although he cannot do physically labor-intensive work. Jack has enrolled in an accounting program at the local community college. What skill is Jack demonstrating?

• a. Crystallization

• b. Career Adaptability

• c. Identity Processing

• d. Vocational Identification

Answer explanation

Career adaptability is the ability to cope with the predictable task of preparing for and participating in the work role as well as the ability to cope with unpredictable adjustments prompted by changes in work and working conditions.

Which of the following is a form of learning in which familiarity is indicated by a reduced response?

• a. inhabituation

• b. dishabituation

• c. novelty Preference

• d. habituation

Answer explanation

Habituation is a type of learning in which the individual has a gradually reduced response to familiar and repeated stimuli. Dishabituation is a type of learning in which the individual has an increased response to familiar and repeated stimuli.

Which of the following is true with regards to bullying?

• a. There is an imbalance of power in a bullying situation.

• b. The victim has also been a bully.

• c. Adults at school have the greatest ability to stop bullies.

• d. The majority of bullying happens face to face.

Answer explanation

The bully has more power (popularity, physical strength, size, academic knowledge, etc.) than the student who is being bullied. B is incorrect because, although there are what is called 'provocative victims', the majority of people who are bullied have not also been bullies. C is incorrect because research shows that it is actually the bystander group that has the greatest ability to stop bullies. D is incorrect because a lot of bullying takes place via social media, texting, and other online formats.

Which of the following is NOT a type of play identified by Parten?

• b. Structured

• c. Cooperative

• d. Onlooker

Answer explanation

Parten described 6 types of play in her 1932 research. Depending on their age, mood and social setting, children will engage in one of the following types of play: unoccupied play, solitary play, onlooker play, parallel play, associative play and cooperative play.

Kelly is an 11-year old who likes to gather her friends and play school. When they play, they take turns being the "teacher." After her friends leave, Kelly tells her mother that she is going to be a second-grade teacher when she grows up. According to Ginzberg's adolescent career development theory, Kelly is likely in which stage?

• a. Curiosity stage

• b. Fantasy stage

• c. Tentative stage

• d. Realistic stage

Answer explanation

Kelly is in Ginzberg's fantasy stage, which lasts until age 12. This stage involves play and imagination in thinking about future work opportunities. Curiosity stage is not correct because Kelly is actively aware of what being a teacher is and is acting out the experience.

The Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) covers all of the following EXCEPT:

• a. Job outlookb. Places

• b. Places to get training

• c. Salary/pay for an occupation

• d. Training required

Answer explanation

The OOH is a comprehensive resource for those considering particular careers. It does not outline or endorse specific training sites, however.

The adjustment theory that suggests older adults seek higher emotional satisfaction as they age by being more selective is:

• a. Activity Theory

• b. Disengagement Theory

• c. Continuity Theory

• d. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Answer explanation

Laura Carstensen's Socioemotional Selectivity Theory states that as adults age, they become more selective in who they spend their time with, choosing activities and people from which they draw emotional support and enjoyment.

One of the key themes in Milgram's research is that obedience __________ when the distance between the teacher and the learner ________.

• a. decreases, decreases

• b. decreases, increases

• c. increases, decreases

• d. increases, increases

Answer explanation

In his 'touch proximity' condition, Milgram had his teacher participants hold the learner's hand on the shock plate. He found that the obedience was much less in this condition, demonstrating that decreasing the distance between the teacher and the learner decreased obedience.