Diagrams

In a classic experimental design, what does "R" stand for?

• Randomization

• Response

• Replication

• Regression

What is the key difference between an experimental and a quasi-experimental design?

• The use of pretests

• The presence of an intervention

• The inclusion of a control group

• Randomization

In an experimental design, what is the sequence of events for the experimental group?

• O1 O2

• R X O1

• R O1 X O2

• R O1 O2

What makes the R O1 O2 design different from R O1 X O2?

• It includes an intervention

• It lacks an intervention

• It includes a posttest

• It is not randomized

Which type of design is most vulnerable to selection bias?

• Experimental design

• Quasi-experimental design

• One-group pretest-posttest design

• Longitudinal study

Which of the following designs only collects data once without an intervention?

• One-group pretest-posttest design

• Cross-sectional study

• Interrupted time series

• Longitudinal study

What distinguishes a longitudinal study from a cross-sectional study?

• It includes an intervention

• It uses randomization

• It collects data multiple times

• It only includes a control group

What is the diagram for a one-group posttest-only design?

• O1 X O2

• X O1

• O1 O2 O3 X O4 O5 O6

• R O1 X O2

What does the interrupted time series design involve?

• A single measurement after an intervention

• Only pretests before an intervention

• Multiple pretests and posttests

• Randomized selection of participants

What is the purpose of a control group in an experimental design?

• To receive a different type of intervention

• To eliminate the need for randomization

• To provide a baseline for comparison

• To ensure every participant gets the treatment