AP Chemistry Vocab Review Part 2

Equivalence Point

• The point where moles of acid equal moles of base in a titration.

• The point where the pH of the solution is neutral.

• The point where the titrant is added in excess.

• The point where the reaction is complete.

Actinides

• Radioactive elements from atomic numbers 89-103.

• Stable elements with atomic numbers 89-103.

• Non-radioactive elements found in nature.

• Synthetic elements with atomic numbers 89-103.

Double Bond

• A covalent bond involving two shared electron pairs.

• A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

• A bond that involves the sharing of one electron pair.

• A bond that occurs between two metal atoms.

Quantum Mechanical Model

• A model that describes electrons as particles in fixed orbits.

• A modern atomic model describing electron behavior in probability clouds.

• A theory that states atoms are indivisible and indestructible.

• A model that depicts electrons as waves only.

Reaction Mechanism

• The sequence of elementary steps in a reaction.

• The final product of a chemical reaction.

• The temperature at which a reaction occurs.

• The concentration of reactants in a solution.

Metal Reactivity Trend

• Increases down a group, decreases across a period.

• Decreases down a group, increases across a period.

• Remains constant down a group, decreases across a period.

• Increases across a period, decreases down a group.

Electrochemical Cell

• A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

• A device that stores electrical energy for later use.

• A device that measures electrical resistance.

• A device that generates heat from chemical reactions.

Alkali Metals

• Group 1 elements, highly reactive.

• Group 2 elements, moderately reactive.

• Transition metals, low reactivity.

• Noble gases, non-reactive.

Noble Gas Notation

• A method for writing chemical equations

• A shorthand method for writing electron configurations using noble gases.

• A technique for balancing chemical reactions

• A way to represent molecular structures visually.

Cohesion

• The attraction between molecules of the same substance.

• The attraction between different substances.

• The repulsion between molecules of the same substance.

• The process of molecules moving apart.