Unit 7 Vocabulary

Monopoly

• Complete control of a product or business by one person or group

• A market structure with many competitors

• A situation where prices are determined by supply and demand

• A type of business partnership

Recall

• A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term.

• A method for evaluating the performance of government officials after their term ends.

• A strategy for increasing voter turnout in elections.

• A process for appointing new officials to replace those who resign.

John D. Rockefeller

• Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

• Founded the American Steel Company, a major player in the industrial revolution

• Created the first oil refinery in the United States

• Developed the first electric car in the early 20th century

Robber baron

• a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods

• a philanthropist who donates to charity

• a government official who regulates businesses

• an entrepreneur who innovates in technology

Wounded Knee

• A site in South Dakota where 300 Natives were murdered in 1890

• A famous battle between the Sioux and the U.S. Army in 1876

• A treaty signed between the Sioux and the U.S. government in 1868

• A location known for the discovery of gold in the Black Hills

Plessy v. Ferguson

• a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

• a 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional

• a 1964 law that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

• a 1973 Supreme Court case that ruled on the legality of abortion

Andrew Carnegie

• A Scottish-born American industrialist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892.

• An American politician known for his role in the Civil War.

• A famous artist from Scotland who painted landscapes.

• A British author known for his novels about industrial life.

Muckrakers

• Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business

• Politicians who advocated for social reforms

• Business leaders who promoted corporate interests

• Activists who campaigned for environmental protection

Initiative

• A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.

• A method for citizens to recall elected officials.

• A strategy for political parties to gain more seats in government.

• A process for amending the constitution without voter input.

17th Amendment

• Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)

• Allowed for the appointment of senators by the President

• Mandated that senators serve a single term

• Required a two-thirds majority for Senate decisions