Midterm Review Quizs

What is symbiosis?

• A close permanent association between two or more species.

• A type of competition between species for resources.

• A method of reproduction in plants.

• A process of evolution in isolated populations.

What are the main differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and produces energy, while cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts and produces glucose.

• Photosynthesis removes CO₂ from the atmosphere and produces glucose, while cellular respiration releases CO₂ to the atmosphere and breaks down glucose for energy.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are identical processes that occur in all living organisms.

• Photosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and releases oxygen, while cellular respiration occurs in the nucleus and consumes oxygen.

What is natural selection?

• The process where individuals best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.

• A method of breeding plants and animals for desired traits.

• A theory that explains the origin of species through random mutations.

• The phenomenon where all individuals in a population have equal chances of survival.

What are the levels of ecological organization?

• Organism, population, community, ecosystem

• Species, habitat, population, biome

• Cell, tissue, organ, organism

• Ecosystem, biosphere, biome, community

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

• Active transport requires energy to move substances against the concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and substances move from high to low concentration.

• Active transport occurs only in plant cells, while passive transport occurs in animal cells.

• Active transport is a slower process than passive transport, which is faster due to the lack of energy requirement.

• Active transport can only occur in the presence of water, while passive transport can occur in dry conditions.

Name the four scientists who contributed to the Cell Theory.

• Hooke, Schwann, Schleiden, Virchow

• Darwin, Mendel, Watson, Crick

• Einstein, Curie, Fermi, Bohr

• Huxley, Lamarck, Turing, Hawking

What is the purpose of enzyme catalysts?

• To speed up chemical reactions by reducing the amount of energy needed for the reaction.

• To slow down chemical reactions to prevent explosions.

• To increase the temperature of the reaction to enhance speed.

• To change the chemical composition of the reactants.

What is the significance of Mendel's laws in genetics?

• They describe the structure of DNA.

• They explain how traits are inherited from one generation to the next.

• They outline the process of natural selection.

• They provide a method for gene editing.

Compare mitosis and meiosis.

• Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical and diploid, while meiosis produces 4 daughter cells that are haploid and genetically varied.

• Mitosis produces 4 daughter cells that are genetically identical and haploid, while meiosis produces 2 daughter cells that are diploid and genetically varied.

• Mitosis and meiosis both produce 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical and diploid.

• Mitosis produces 4 daughter cells that are haploid and genetically varied, while meiosis produces 2 daughter cells that are diploid and identical.

What are the four main biomolecules and their monomers?

• Proteins (monomers: amino acids), Lipids (monomers: fatty acids and glycerol), Nucleic acids (monomers: nucleotides), Carbohydrates (monomers: monosaccharides)

• Proteins (monomers: nucleotides), Lipids (monomers: amino acids), Nucleic acids (monomers: monosaccharides), Carbohydrates (monomers: fatty acids)

• Proteins (monomers: fatty acids), Lipids (monomers: amino acids), Nucleic acids (monomers: glycerol), Carbohydrates (monomers: nucleotides)

• Proteins (monomers: monosaccharides), Lipids (monomers: nucleotides), Nucleic acids (monomers: amino acids), Carbohydrates (monomers: glycerol)