A.1.1.5 Solvent Properties

How are fat molecules transported in blood?

• They dissolve completely in water and are carried freely in the bloodstream.

• They form large droplets coated in phospholipids to remain suspended in blood plasma.

• They are converted into glucose for easy transport in the blood.

• They are attached to red blood cells for transportation.

How do red blood cells help in oxygen transport?

• They contain haemoglobin, which has binding sites for oxygen, greatly increasing the blood's capacity to transport oxygen.

• They produce carbon dioxide, which helps in the release of oxygen from tissues.

• They are responsible for the production of white blood cells that fight infections.

• They absorb oxygen directly from the air in the lungs.

Why does water have important solvent properties?

• Because it is a non-polar molecule that does not interact with other substances.

• Due to its polar nature, water forms shells around charged and polar molecules, preventing them from clumping together and keeping them in solution.

• Water has a high boiling point, which allows it to dissolve more substances.

• Water is a universal solvent because it can dissolve any substance without exception.

Why is water not a universal solvent?

• It can dissolve all substances without exception.

• It only dissolves ionic compounds.

• While water dissolves many substances, there are also many substances that do not dissolve in it.

• Water is only effective at dissolving gases.

What is a solute?

• A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.

• A liquid that dissolves other substances.

• A solid that cannot dissolve in any liquid.

• A gas that is mixed with a liquid to create a solution.

What are hydrophobic substances?

• Substances that are attracted to water and dissolve in it.

• Substances that are not attracted to water and do not dissolve in it, typically non-polar molecules without charges.

• Substances that can dissolve in both water and oil.

• Substances that are only found in solid form.

What role does water play in metabolism?

• Water is a source of energy for metabolic reactions.

• Water acts as a medium for metabolism, allowing dissolved enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions by enabling movement and interaction of solutes.

• Water is a waste product of metabolic processes.

• Water helps in the storage of genetic information.

What is a solvent?

• A solid that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution.

• A liquid in which substances (solutes) are dissolved to form a solution.

• A gas that can dissolve in a liquid.

• A mixture of two or more liquids that do not mix.

How is glucose transported in blood?

• As a polar molecule, glucose is freely soluble in water and carried in plasma.

• As a non-polar molecule, glucose requires transport proteins to move through the blood.

• Glucose is stored in the liver and released into the blood when needed.

• Glucose is converted to fat before being transported in the blood.

Why can't blood plasma transport enough oxygen for aerobic respiration?

• Oxygen is non-polar and dissolves sparingly in water.

• Blood plasma can hold unlimited amounts of oxygen.

• Oxygen is heavier than carbon dioxide and sinks in plasma.

• Blood plasma is too cold to transport oxygen effectively.