2- Unit 1 Terms Marathon Runner

Cellular respiration

• Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

• A method of photosynthesis in plants

• A type of fermentation that occurs in yeast

• The process of converting carbon dioxide into glucose

ATP

• Main energy source that cells use for most of their work

• A type of protein that helps in muscle contraction

• A molecule that stores genetic information

• A carbohydrate used for energy storage

Lactic acid

• Cause of muscle fatigue

• Source of energy during aerobic exercise

• Byproduct of protein metabolism

• Component of cellular respiration

Homeostasis

• Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

• A method of increasing metabolic rate

• A technique for cellular respiration

• A way to enhance growth rates

Osmoregulation

• Control of water levels and minerals in the blood

• Regulation of body temperature

• Control of blood sugar levels

• Management of oxygen levels in the body

Insulin

• Hormone produced by the pancreas that helps to decrease blood sugar.

• A type of carbohydrate that increases blood sugar levels.

• A protein that aids in digestion.

• A vitamin that regulates metabolism.

Bromothymol Blue (BTB)

• An indicator for carbon dioxide

• A pH indicator for strong acids

• A dye used in food coloring

• A reagent for detecting proteins

Positive feedback

• Occurs to decrease the change or output: the result of a reaction is minimized to slow it down

• Occurs to maintain the status quo: the result of a reaction is balanced

• Occurs to increase the change or output: the result of a reaction is amplified to make it occur more quickly

• Occurs to reverse the change or output: the result of a reaction is negated

Hyponatremia

• High sodium levels in the blood

• Low sodium levels in the blood

• Normal sodium levels in the blood

• Excessive potassium levels in the blood

Water intoxication

• A condition caused by excessive water consumption leading to an imbalance of electrolytes.

• A state of dehydration due to lack of water intake.

• A medical condition characterized by too much water in the body.

• A type of waterborne illness caused by contaminated water.