Physiology

What is the basic unit of life?

• Atom

• Organism

• Tissue

• Cell

Describe the function of the cell membrane.

• The cell membrane provides energy for cellular processes.

• The cell membrane is responsible for protein synthesis.

• The cell membrane regulates the entry and exit of substances, maintaining homeostasis and facilitating communication.

• The cell membrane acts as a storage unit for genetic material.

What is homeostasis and why is it important?

• Homeostasis is the regulation of internal conditions in organisms, crucial for survival and optimal functioning.

• Homeostasis is the process of external environmental changes.

• Homeostasis is the ability to grow and reproduce only.

• Homeostasis refers to the movement of organisms from one place to another.

Name three examples of homeostatic processes.

• Heart rate variability

• Temperature regulation, blood glucose control, pH balance

• Respiratory rate changes

• Nutrient absorption efficiency

What role do feedback mechanisms play in homeostasis?

• Feedback mechanisms only amplify changes in the body.

• Feedback mechanisms are irrelevant to internal regulation.

• Feedback mechanisms solely focus on external environmental factors.

• Feedback mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating internal conditions through detection and response to changes.

Define haemostasis.

• Haemostasis is the process of blood cell production.

• Haemostasis refers to the movement of blood through the circulatory system.

• Haemostasis is the mechanism of oxygen transport in the blood.

• Haemostasis is the process that prevents and stops bleeding.

What is the function of platelets in clotting?

• Platelets break down old red blood cells.

• Platelets produce antibodies for immune response.

• Platelets help form a temporary plug at injury sites and activate the clotting process.

• Platelets transport oxygen to tissues.

List the main clotting factors involved in the coagulation cascade.

• Factor I, II, III, IV, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII

• Factor X, Y, Z

• Factor 1, 2, 3

• Factor A, B, C

How does the intrinsic pathway differ from the extrinsic pathway in clotting?

• The intrinsic pathway is faster and activated by external trauma.

• The intrinsic pathway is slower and activated by internal damage, while the extrinsic pathway is faster and activated by external trauma.

• The extrinsic pathway is slower and activated by internal damage.

• Both pathways are activated by the same type of trauma.

What are plasma proteins and their general functions?

• Plasma proteins are proteins in blood plasma that maintain osmotic pressure, transport substances, support immune functions, and aid in blood clotting.

• Plasma proteins are responsible for producing red blood cells.

• Plasma proteins are found in muscle tissue and aid in movement.

• Plasma proteins are only involved in digestion.