[Week 1]Thermodynamics and Energy: Thermodynamics and Energy, Closed and Open Systems

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1. What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?

• Energy can be created and destroyed.
• Energy can only be transferred or converted, but the total remains constant.
• Entropy always decreases in an isolated system.
• Heat transfer always occurs from cold to hot without external work.

2. Which of the following is an example of a closed system?

• A boiling pot of water with an open lid.
• A car radiator where water continuously circulates.
• A sealed piston-cylinder with a fixed amount of gas.
• An air conditioner cooling a room.

3. What is the main difference between an open system and a closed system?

• Open systems do not allow energy transfer, while closed systems do.
• Open systems allow both mass and energy exchange, while closed systems only allow energy exchange.
• Closed systems allow mass and energy exchange, while open systems only allow energy exchange.
• Open systems are always isolated.

4. Which of the following correctly describes entropy?

• A measure of energy loss in a system.
• A measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
• The ability of a system to do work.
• The rate of energy transfer in a thermodynamic cycle.

5. Why is a 100% efficient engine impossible according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

• Some energy is always converted into entropy.
• The First Law of Thermodynamics prohibits energy conversion.
• Work output is always greater than heat input.
• Heat can naturally transfer from cold to hot without work input.

6. Which statement is true regarding dimensional homogeneity?

• Equations must have the same dimensions on both sides.
• Equations can have mixed units as long as they represent the same quantity.
• Energy must always be expressed in Joules.
• Different units within the same dimension do not need conversion.

7. A gas in a piston-cylinder undergoes expansion, doing 300 J of work on the surroundings while receiving 500 J of heat. What is the change in internal energy?

• 200 J
• -200 J
• 800 J
• -800 J