Circuits and Investigating Force

A student wants to investigate how the force with which a ball is thrown affects how high of a splash it makes in a pool. Which table BEST represents how the investigation should be set up?

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Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A class is using the setup shown to test the hypothesis: 'The shorter the stack of books becomes, the shorter the distance the toy truck will roll.'

What is ONE more piece of equipment needed to test the hypothesis AND how can the hypothesis be tested. Look at the diagram carefully, the answer the question below.

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Answer explanation

To test the hypothesis, a measuring tape is needed to measure the distance the toy truck rolls. The experiment can be conducted by varying the height of the book stack and recording the distance rolled for each height.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Students conduct experiments to investigate friction. Which experiment will best test the effect of friction on objects?

• Drop two balls from the same height at the same time

• Roll two marbles on the carpet from the same starting point at the same time and with the same amount of force

• Roll three marbles across three different surfaces from the same starting point at the same time and with the same amount of force

• Release two balls from the top of a ramp at the same time

Answer explanation

Rolling three marbles across different surfaces allows for direct comparison of friction effects, as each surface will provide varying resistance. This setup effectively isolates the variable of friction, making it the best experiment.

Students investigate force. The masses they use begin at rest on the ramp. The setup the students use is shown. Which change will reduce the amount of force needed to move the masses?

• Decrease the height of the ramp

• Increase the height of the ramp

• Add an additional mass

• Pull the spring scale with two hands.

Answer explanation

Decreasing the height of the ramp reduces the gravitational potential energy acting on the mass, which in turn decreases the force needed to move it. A lower ramp angle means less force is required to overcome gravity.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A student conducts the investigation shown in the diagram. In this experiment a paper cup hangs from a string tied to a single uncooked spaghetti noodle. The student measures and records the mass of a penny. The student then adds pennies to the paper cup one at a time. Which question is the student most likely trying to answer with this investigation?

• How many spaghetti noodles will it take to hold up the mass of a penny?

• How much force will it take to break the spaghetti noodle?

• How long should the string that holds the paper cup be in order to support the greatest mass of pennies?

• How does the distance between the two chairs affect the amount of force it takes for the spaghetti noodle to break?

Answer explanation

The student is adding pennies to test how much weight the spaghetti noodle can support before breaking, indicating they are investigating the force required to break the noodle.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A student builds the circuit shown. The student closes Switch 1 and Switch 3. Which lightbulb will glow? Select ONE correct answer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

Students create the circuit shown. What do the lightbulb and the bell do when the switch is left open?

• The lightbulb glows, and the bell rings.

• The lightbulb glows, and the bell does not ring.

• The lightbulb does not glow, and the bell rings.

• The lightbulb does not glow, and the bell does not ring.

Answer explanation

When the switch is open, the circuit is incomplete. This allows the lightbulb to glow due to a separate power source, but the bell does not ring as it requires a complete circuit to operate.

Tags

NGSS.3-PS2-3

NGSS.4-PS3-2

Students made the circuit shown. Cutting the wire at which numbered position would allow two of the lightbulbs to remain lit?

• Position 1

• Position 2

• Position 3

• Position 4

Answer explanation

Cutting the wire at Position 2 creates a break that allows current to flow through two lightbulbs while isolating the third. This configuration keeps two bulbs lit, making Position 2 the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

A group of students builds the electric circuit shown. Which switches must be closed for Bulb 1 to remain dark but Bulb 2 to produce light?

• Switch 1 only must be closed.

• Switches 1 and 3 must be closed.

• Switches 2 and 3 must be closed.

• Switches 1, 2, and 3 must be closed.

Answer explanation

For Bulb 1 to remain dark, Switch 1 must be closed to prevent current from flowing to it. Closing Switch 3 allows current to flow to Bulb 2, making it light up. Thus, Switches 1 and 3 must be closed.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

Which circuit shown will produce light when the switch is closed?

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Tags

NGSS.4-PS3-2