Women's Criminality and Social Theories

This video explores feminist theories of crime and deviance, focusing on Pat Carlin's work. Carlin used Travis Hirschi's control theory to examine how patriarchal control limits women's legitimate pathways, leading some to criminality. She identified two societal deals: the class deal, where women work for material rewards, and the gender deal, where women fulfill traditional roles for emotional rewards. Carlin's research showed that barriers to these deals often led women to crime. Contemporary evidence supports her theories, though critics argue that modern society offers more choices for women.

What theory did Pat Carlin use as the basis for her research on feminist theories of crime?

• Strain Theory

• Control Theory

• Conflict Theory

• Labeling Theory

According to Carlin, what leads women to criminality?

• Peer pressure

• Rejection or blockage of socially approved pathways

• Desire for independence

• Lack of education

What is the 'class deal' as described by Carlin?

• A reward system for women who choose employment

• A trade-off between family and career

• A social contract for women to remain at home

• A financial agreement between spouses

How are women controlled through the 'class deal'?

• By being encouraged to pursue higher education

• By being expected to be obedient and submissive at work

• By being forced into early marriages

• By being denied access to financial resources

What does the 'gender deal' involve according to Carlin?

• Women pursuing careers in male-dominated fields

• Women engaging in political activism

• Women taking on leadership roles

• Women accepting traditional roles of housewife and mother

What evidence supports Carlin's theory about the rejection of the class deal?

• High levels of education among women in prison

• Long-term unemployment and lack of qualifications

• Increased participation of women in politics

• High rates of marriage among women in prison

What percentage of women in UK prisons left school with no formal qualifications?

• 50%

• 60%

• 70%

• 80%

What is a potential hazard of refusing to conform to society's expectations, according to Carlin?

• Increased social mobility

• Higher educational attainment

• Engagement in criminal activities

• Improved mental health

What do some post-modernists argue about women's choices in contemporary society?

• Women have fewer choices than before

• The gender deal is no longer relevant

• The class deal is more diverse than ever

• Women are more controlled by society

What critique is made about Carlin's focus in her research?

• She overemphasizes the role of education

• She ignores the role of media

• She underestimates the impact of poverty

• She overstates the role of patriarchy