AP Psychology Test Booklet 5.3

Which of the following examples best represents a behavioral approach to treatment?

• Marco’s psychologist helps him focus on identifying unhelpful patterns of thinking.

• Annaleise’s psychologist has her identify a fear hierarchy of spider-related experiences to work through systematically as she practices relaxation techniques.

• Dina’s psychologist has her think about what her ideal life would be like.

• Lucy’s psychologist helps her relive past childhood experiences to uncover the hidden source of her anxiety.

When describing how psychological problems evolve, which of the following is a strength of the biopsychosocial model?

• The model emphasizes the belief that psychological problems are caused by genetics.

• The model supports the humanistic view that disorders stem from a lack of unconditional positive regard.

• The model adheres to the behaviorist view that psychological problems result exclusively from classical and operant conditioning.

• The model considers, in addition to other factors, the role that cultural norms and expectations play in the development of psychological problems.

Which psychological perspective best supports the view that stress is related to how people believe the stressor impacts their daily life?

• Humanistic

• Behavioral

• Psychodynamic

• Cognitive

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

• Freedom of choice about the future

• The uncovering of unconscious defense mechanisms

• Responses that have been reinforced in the past

• Early childhood conflicts

Which of the following statements best explains a common criticism of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

• The DSM recommends pharmaceutical treatments for psychological disorders that may not be appropriate for all people.

• The DSM organizes symptoms of different disorders so they can be diagnosed effectively.

• The DSM features only the cognitive perspective and ignores other important psychological viewpoints.

• The DSM uses labels that can create lasting stigma for the person diagnosed.

Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT

• atypical

• inappropriate

• due to inappropriate child-rearing practices

• disturbing to the individual exhibiting the behavior

The diathesis-stress approach would likely support which of the following statements about psychological disorders?

• Disorders are a result of the social and economic situations in which people live.

• Disorders are a result of unresolved, unconscious conflicts between the id and the superego.

• Disorders are a result of negative events that trigger irrational thoughts.

• Disorders are a result of predisposed, biological factors triggered by the environment.

Dr. Zoey believes that major depressive disorder is caused by neurotransmitter abnormalities and is most effectively treated with medication. Which of the following is a treatment approach that Dr. Zoey most likely supports?

• Biomedical

• Psychodynamic

• Behavioral

• Cognitive

A goal of cognitive therapists is to help their clients

• understand the symbolism in their dreams

• modify the irrational interpretations of their experiences

• develop ego strength to resist urges from the id

• experience a release of emotion after recalling a traumatic event

Psychodynamic theorists believe that the development of personality is largely influenced by unconscious motivations. The theories are most often criticized because they do which of the following?

• Do not take into account the importance of rationalization.

• Cannot be falsified.

• Explain only superficial behaviors.

• Focus too little on the role of repression.