Historical Approaches in Business Psychology

What was the main goal of Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management approach?

• Build stronger workplace friendships

• Increase productivity through systematic work analysis

• Develop creative team-building games

• Allow workers to set their own schedules

Which of the following was a criticism of Scientific Management?

• It was too focused on social dynamics

• It viewed humans as machines and deskilled labor

• It emphasized creativity over productivity

• It promoted democratic workplaces

What is a key feature of Max Weber’s Classical Bureaucracy?

• Hierarchical structure with defined roles and rules

• Focus on spontaneous creativity

• Removal of formal documentation

• Leaderless teams

Which of the following is a limitation of bureaucracy?

• Lack of structure

• Lack of documentation

• Slow adaptation due to rigid rules

• Excessive worker freedom

What did the Human Relations Movement discover through the Hawthorne studies?

• Being observed can improve productivity

• Temperature affects job satisfaction

• Physical layout is most important

• Automation increases motivation

A major contribution of the Human Relations Movement was...

• Removing the need for supervision

• Recognizing emotional and social needs of workers

• Promoting employee isolation

• Eliminating hierarchy

What does Human Resource Theory emphasize?

• Workers’ cognitive potential and meaningful contribution

• Keeping employees in fixed roles

• Removing personal goals from the workplace

• Building larger bureaucracies

Herzberg’s theory distinguishes between...

• Conscious and unconscious thoughts

• Hygiene factors and motivators

• Group and individual dynamics

• Salary and intelligence

Which of the following is a criticism of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?

• It undervalues teamwork

• It has mixed empirical support

• It’s based on outdated research methods

• It focuses only on managers

What is the core idea of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in business?

• Employees prefer flat organizations

• Only managers are motivated by goals

• Motivation stems from unmet needs arranged in a hierarchy

• Motivation comes only from salary