The Lithosphere

Lithosphere

• Earth's rigid outer shell, including the crust and the solid, uppermost part of the mantle.

• The layer of the Earth that is liquid and flows beneath the crust.

• The gaseous layer surrounding the Earth, primarily composed of nitrogen and oxygen.

• The molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface.

Extrusive rocks

• Fine-grained rock that cools quickly on Earth's surface.

• Coarse-grained rock that forms deep underground.

• Rock that is formed from the compression of sediments.

• Igneous rock that cools slowly in the atmosphere.

Igneous Rocks

• Formed by the cooling of molten (liquid) rocks.

• Formed by the compression of sediments.

• Formed by the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure.

• Formed by the evaporation of water from mineral solutions.

Transform boundary

• Plates are colliding with each other.

• Plates are moving away from each other.

• Plates are slipping past each other.

• Plates are rotating around a common point.

Erosion

• The process of sediment being deposited in a new location.

• The movement of sediment from one location to another.

• The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces.

• The formation of new landforms through volcanic activity.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Sedimentary Rocks

• Forms from volcanic activity and cooling of magma.

• Forms from deposition, burial, compaction and cementation.

• Forms from the metamorphism of igneous rocks.

• Forms from the crystallization of minerals in water.

Focal point/ focus

• The point on the earth's surface directly above where an earthquake originates.

• The location within the earth where underground rock moves and sends out earthquake waves.

• The area where seismic waves are absorbed and do not cause any damage.

• The point where tectonic plates meet and create mountains.

Lithification

• Process that forms sediments into sedimentary rocks.

• A method of erosion that breaks down rocks.

• The process of melting rocks into magma.

• A technique for fossilization of organisms.

P Wave

• A seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth in the same direction and the opposite direction as the direction the wave is moving.

• A surface wave that travels along the Earth's crust causing the most damage during an earthquake.

• A type of wave that only travels through water and is responsible for tsunamis.

• A wave that travels through the Earth's core and cannot be detected by seismographs.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

Epicenter

• The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus.

• The location where an earthquake originates underground.

• The area where seismic waves are first detected.

• The point on the Earth's surface where the most damage occurs.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2