Michael, a patient undergoing hemodialysis, reports experiencing muscle cramping during his treatment sessions. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

• Hyperkalemia

• Rapid fluid removal

• High protein intake

• Low phosphorus levels

Answer explanation

Muscle cramping during hemodialysis is commonly caused by rapid fluid removal, which can lead to changes in electrolyte balance and muscle contraction. This is more likely than hyperkalemia, high protein intake, or low phosphorus levels.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Oliver has chronic renal disease and is on a fluid restriction. Which of the following foods should he avoid to best manage his fluid balance?

• Fresh apple

• Canned soup

• Grilled chicken breast

• White rice

Answer explanation

Canned soup often contains high sodium and fluid content, which can exacerbate fluid retention in patients with chronic renal disease. Therefore, it should be avoided to help manage fluid balance effectively.

Grace, who has been prescribed phosphate binders for her chronic kidney disease, is meeting with her nurse for medication education. Which statement by Grace indicates correct understanding?

• "I should take my phosphate binder with meals."

• "I can take my phosphate binder at bedtime only."

• "I should take my phosphate binder on an empty stomach."

• "I only need to take my phosphate binder if I eat dairy."

Answer explanation

The correct statement is "I should take my phosphate binder with meals." Phosphate binders are most effective when taken with food, as they help reduce phosphate absorption during digestion.

Benjamin is undergoing peritoneal dialysis for chronic kidney disease. During a follow-up visit, his healthcare provider discusses possible complications of the procedure. Which of the following is NOT an expected complication of peritoneal dialysis?

• Peritonitis

• Hypotension

• Hyperglycemia

• Air embolism

Answer explanation

Air embolism is not a common complication of peritoneal dialysis. In contrast, peritonitis, hypotension, and hyperglycemia are expected complications associated with this treatment.

Samuel, a patient with chronic renal disease, is prescribed erythropoietin by his doctor. What is the primary purpose of this medication?

• To lower blood pressure

• To stimulate red blood cell production

• To reduce potassium levels

• To decrease phosphate absorption

Answer explanation

Erythropoietin is primarily used to stimulate red blood cell production, especially in patients with chronic renal disease, where the kidneys are unable to produce sufficient erythropoietin naturally.

Maya has been placed on a fluid restriction by her healthcare provider. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to Maya?

• "You may drink as much water as you feel thirsty for."

• "Include all foods that are liquid at room temperature in your daily fluid count."

• "You do not need to count ice chips as fluid."

• "You can have unlimited coffee and tea."

Answer explanation

The correct instruction is to include all liquid foods in the fluid count, as they contribute to total fluid intake. This helps the patient adhere to their fluid restriction effectively.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Benjamin, who is undergoing dialysis for chronic kidney disease, is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance due to decreased renal excretion?

• Hypokalemia

• Hyperkalemia

• Hypocalcemia

• Hypernatremia

Answer explanation

Patients on dialysis have reduced kidney function, leading to decreased excretion of potassium. This can result in hyperkalemia, a dangerous electrolyte imbalance, making it the correct answer.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Kai is a patient with chronic renal disease who is being monitored for fluid balance. Which of the following is the best indicator of his fluid balance?

• Blood pressure

• Daily weight

• Heart rate

• Urine color

Answer explanation

Daily weight is the best indicator of fluid balance in chronic renal disease, as it reflects changes in fluid status more accurately than blood pressure, heart rate, or urine color.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Grace, who has chronic renal disease, asks her nurse why she needs to limit her protein intake. Which is the best explanation?

• "Protein increases your risk of infection."

• "Protein can worsen kidney function by increasing waste products."

• "Protein causes dehydration."

• "Protein increases your risk of bleeding."

Answer explanation

Limiting protein intake is crucial for patients with chronic renal disease because excess protein can lead to an accumulation of waste products in the blood, worsening kidney function.

Samuel is undergoing hemodialysis when he suddenly develops a fever and chills during the treatment. Which of the following is the most appropriate action?

• Continue dialysis and monitor vital signs

• Stop dialysis and notify the healthcare provider

• Give the patient acetaminophen and continue dialysis

• Increase the dialysis flow rate

Answer explanation

The correct action is to stop dialysis and notify the healthcare provider. Fever and chills may indicate an infection or reaction, requiring immediate assessment and intervention rather than continuing treatment.