4.1 Vocab Application

Just-World Phenomenon

• Believing a homeless person made bad choices, ignoring systemic factors.

• Assuming that everyone gets what they deserve in life.

• Thinking that luck is the only factor in success.

• Believing that hard work always leads to success.

Just-World Phenomenon

• Belief that everyone gets what they deserve in life.

• Understanding that bad things can happen to anyone regardless of their actions.

• The idea that victims of crime are often at fault for their misfortune.

• A psychological theory explaining the randomness of life events.

Person Perception

• A manager forms an impression of an employee as diligent and attentive based on their arrival and departure times.

• A manager evaluates an employee solely based on their performance reviews.

• A manager assumes an employee is lazy if they take long breaks.

• A manager believes that an employee is untrustworthy if they work from home.

Prejudice

• Mark, a hiring manager, refuses to interview applicants from a particular country because of unfounded negative beliefs about their work ethic.

• Mark, a hiring manager, interviews all applicants equally regardless of their background.

• Mark, a hiring manager, prefers to hire applicants from his own country only.

• Mark, a hiring manager, conducts interviews based on the applicants' qualifications and experience.

Attribution Theory

• A teacher attributes a student's lack of assignments to personal issues (situational) or laziness (dispositional).

• A teacher believes that all students are equally capable regardless of their background.

• A teacher assumes that a student's performance is solely based on their intelligence.

• A teacher thinks that external factors have no impact on a student's academic performance.

Fundamental Attribution Error

• Assuming a person's behavior is due to their character rather than situational factors.

• Believing that all people in poverty are hardworking and diligent.

• Attributing a person's success to luck rather than their skills.

• Assuming a poor person is lazy rather than considering situational factors, like losing their career and being diagnosed with a disability.

Ingroup Bias

• The drama club believes their performances are more meaningful and require more effort than the sports team's throwing around a ball.

• The sports team thinks their training is more rigorous than the drama club's rehearsals.

• The drama club feels that their costumes are more elaborate than the sports team's uniforms.

• The sports team believes their games are more exciting than the drama club's performances.

Scapegoat Theory

• Blaming immigrants for job shortages during economic downturns.

• Assigning blame to a specific group for societal issues.

• Justifying economic policies through public opinion.

• Promoting unity among diverse communities.

Fundamental Attribution Error

• Mia assumes the waiter is careless without considering external factors.

• Mia understands that the waiter is busy and forgives him.

• Mia blames herself for the waiter forgetting her order.

• Mia thinks the restaurant is poorly managed.

Person Perception

• Tom is perceived as shy and reserved.

• Tom is perceived as outgoing and confident.

• Tom is perceived as rude and dismissive.

• Tom is perceived as indifferent and uninterested.