CHAPTERS 21 & 22 EXAM: Enlightenment & French Revolution

Ptolemy believed that the universe was geocentric, or

• Earth-centered.

• concentric.

• moon-centered.

• sun-centered.

Why did the Catholic Church attack Galileo?

• The system Galileo defended went against the Christian view of the universe.

• Galileo refused to share his new information with the Church.

• Most astronomers already agreed that the planets revolved around the sun.

• Motion in the universe had not yet been explained.

The universal law of gravitation was proposed by

• Lavoisier

• Copernicus

• Galileo

• Newton

Why did women have to publish their scientific work anonymously?

• Women were not as involved in science as men.

• Men had better minds than women.

• Only men were considered scholars in those times.

• Women did not want to have their names known.

Rationalism is the belief that

• the human mind is divine.

• matter is the main concern of science.

• the human mind is perfect.

• reason is the chief source of knowledge.

The Enlightenment thinkers, or philosophes, tried to change the world by

• including the ideas of the Church.

• using rational criticism.

• forcing people to accept their ideas.

• giving people what they wanted.

Montesquieu developed the idea of

• separation of powers.

• laissez-faire.

• philosophe.

• social contract.

If Voltaire (Deist) saw the universe as a clock, who wound the clock?

• the kings of Europe

• God

• the government

• other philosophes

Rousseau's idea of freedom included

• doing anything a person wants.

• being enslaved by the government.

• living in the city half of the time.

• doing what is best for the general will.

How were Enlightenment ideas shown in art and architecture?

• A. Buildings became exceptionally tall, reaching for answers.

• B. Art was considered frivolous.

• C. Dark, brooding art appeared.

• D. Fancy, curving rococo became popular.