GEL 3.2 - Data Collection

Which of the following is an example of probability sampling?

• Quota sampling

• Simple random sampling

• Convenience sampling

• Snowball sampling

Answer explanation

Simple random sampling is a probability sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. In contrast, quota, convenience, and snowball sampling are non-probability methods.

Stratified random sampling is best used when:

• There is limited time for data collection

• The population has no known sub-groups

• The researcher wants to represent different sub-groups fairly

• All members are equally accessible

Answer explanation

Stratified random sampling is ideal when the researcher aims to fairly represent different sub-groups within a population, ensuring that each subgroup is adequately represented in the sample.

Which of the following best describes a Likert scale?

• A scale used to compare two geographical locations

• A scale that requires participants to rank their preferences

• A rating scale based on degrees of agreement

• A method to calculate frequency of visits

Answer explanation

A Likert scale is specifically designed to measure attitudes or opinions by asking respondents to indicate their level of agreement with a statement, making 'A rating scale based on degrees of agreement' the correct choice.

Convenience sampling often results in data that is highly representative of the population.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

False. Convenience sampling often leads to biased data as it relies on readily available subjects, which may not accurately represent the entire population.

In quota sampling, the selection of participants is entirely random.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

In quota sampling, participants are selected based on specific characteristics to meet predefined quotas, not randomly. Therefore, the statement is false.

Mental maps are useful for understanding how people think spatially about places.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. Mental maps help us understand how individuals perceive and navigate spaces, reflecting their thoughts and experiences related to different places.

Describe one scenario where stratified random sampling would be more suitable than simple random sampling.

Answer explanation

In a study of a diverse population, stratified random sampling ensures representation from different subgroups (e.g., age, income) while simple random sampling may overlook these differences, leading to biased results.

Why might a researcher choose to use closed-ended questions in a questionnaire survey?

Answer explanation

Researchers may choose closed-ended questions for their ability to provide quantifiable data, ease of analysis, and to limit respondent bias, ensuring clearer and more consistent responses.

Explain how mental maps can be used alongside semi-structured interviews to collect primary data.

Answer explanation

Mental maps visually represent participants' perceptions and experiences, enhancing semi-structured interviews by prompting deeper discussions and clarifying responses, thus enriching the primary data collected.

“Probability sampling methods are always better than non-probability methods.” Do you agree? Justify your answer with an example.

Answer explanation

I disagree. While probability sampling ensures every individual has a chance to be selected, non-probability methods can be useful for exploratory research. For example, convenience sampling can quickly gather insights from a specific group.