Classical conditioning

Define the psychological term ‘memory’.

• The ability to store and retrieve information over time.

• The process of learning new skills.

• The act of forgetting past events.

• The method of organizing thoughts.

The diagram below represents Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) ‘working memory’ model. Label Parts 1 and 2 on the diagram above.

• 1: Phonological loop, 2: Long term memory

• 1: Episodic buffer, 2: Phonological loop

• 1: Visuospatial sketchpad, 2: Phonological loop

• 1: Central executive, 2: Long-term memory

State the difference in the 2000 model.

• Introduction of the episodic buffer

• Removal of the central executive

• Addition of long-term memory

• Elimination of the visuospatial sketchpad

Referring to Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) model, describe the role of the central executive with respect to Vu’s and the children’s working memory.

• It coordinates the activities of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.

• It stores visual and spatial information.

• It processes auditory information.

• It retrieves information from long-term memory.

Referring to Baddeley and Hitch’s (1974) model, describe the role of the visuospatial sketchpad with respect to Vu’s and the children’s working memory.

• It stores visual and spatial information.

• It processes auditory information.

• It coordinates the activities of the phonological loop.

• It retrieves information from long-term memory.

What is the process/ability/faculty of encoding, storing, and retrieving information known as?

• Memory process

• Cognitive function

• Sensory perception

• Neural encoding

Which of the following is part of the memory system?

• Phonological loop

• Episode buffer

• Neural network

• Cognitive map

In the scenario described, what was Vu responsible for?

• Deciding what information to give to the children

• Ignoring other stimuli

• Storing a memory of the pictures

• Paying attention to the children

What is a conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning?

• A stimulus that naturally triggers a response

• A previously neutral stimulus that, after association, triggers a response

• A response that occurs naturally

• A stimulus that has no effect on the response

Which of the following is an example of spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?

• A response that never returns after extinction

• A response that returns after a rest period following extinction

• A response that is generalized to similar stimuli

• A response that is discriminated against other stimuli