Matter and Energy

Elements are classified based on their physical and chemical properties into:

• metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

• solids, liquids, and gases

• alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals

• noble gases, halogens, and lanthanides

Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?

• On the left side

• In the middle

• On the right side

• At the bottom

Alexandra and Maddy made an atomic model of a substance as shown. Alexandra thinks it’s an element, but Maddy thinks it’s a compound. Which statement explains why either Alexandra or Maddy is correct?

• A. Alexandra is correct because there are two atoms in each molecule, making it a compound.

• B. Alexandra is correct because there is only one type of atom in each molecule.

• C. Maddy is correct because there are two atoms in each molecule.

• D. Maddy is correct because all molecules are compounds.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

How could molecules of compounds in a model of a homogeneous mixture be changed to represent a heterogeneous mixture?

• Separate the molecules into individual atoms, and spread out the atoms.

• Move the molecules around so that all of the compounds are mixed evenly throughout.

• Separate all the molecules, move them around, and attach them with different molecules.

• Move the molecules around so that one compound is clustered together, and the other compound is clustered together with only a little mixing.

A student drew models for two forms of matter, Matter A and Matter B, as shown. Classify the types of matter for both A and B based on their compositions, AND explain why they are classified this way. Read the question carefully.

• Matter A is a compound and Matter B is a mixture because Matter A has a fixed composition and Matter B does not.

• Matter A is an element and Matter B is a compound because Matter A is made of one type of atom and Matter B is made of two or more types of atoms.

• Matter A is a mixture and Matter B is a compound because Matter A has a variable composition and Matter B has a fixed composition.

• Matter A is a compound and Matter B is an element because Matter A is made of two or more types of atoms and Matter B is made of one type of atom.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

The unbalanced equation for the reaction of boron trifluoride with lithium sulfite is shown. According to the periodic table, which elements are involved in this reaction?

• beryllium, fluorine, lithium, iodine, and tin

• boron, fluorine, lithium, sulfur, and oxygen

• bromine, fluoride, lithium, iodide, and sulfite

• boron, francium, lanthanum, silver, and oxygen

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

The balanced equation for the reaction of mercury (II) hydroxide with phosphoric acid is shown. What is the total number of atoms on the reactant side of the equation?

• 5

• 15

• 31

• 34

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Ammonium dichromate is a carcinogenic compound sometimes used in fireworks. The formula is shown. Choose THREE correct descriptions of ammonium dichromate.

• contains 19 atoms

• contains 3 molecules

• contains 7 oxygen atoms

• contains 4 hydrogen atoms

• contains 2 chromium atoms

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Phosphorus pentachloride reacts with water to produce phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid as shown by this equation. How many total atoms are involved in the reaction?

Mathematical Equivalence

ON

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

The properties of adhesion and cohesion explain properties of water we see every day. Complete the explanation of how forces at the molecular level explain properties we see at the bulk level. Write the letter of ONE correct answer on each line. Answers may be used more than once or not at all. Dewdrops form beads on a spider web that look like round glass beads on a necklace. The water beads are spherical because the ​ (a)   between water molecules pulls the water into the shape with the smallest volume. A drop of water soaks into a paper towel because of ​ (b)   between the paper fibers and water molecules. A drop of water beads up on waxed paper because the force of ​ (c)   between water molecules is ​greater than the force of ​ (d)   between water and wax.

• cohesion
• adhesion